Green synthesis of Ag NPs on magnetic polyallylamine decorated g-C3N4 by Heracleum persicum extract: efficient catalyst for reduction of dyes

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles were immobilized on magnetic polyallylamine (pAA) decorated g-c 3 n 4 by using Heracleum persicum extract as a biological reducing and stabilizing agent. the resulting nanocomposite, fe 3 o 4-g-c 3 n 4-tct-pAA-Ag, was then characterized using Bet, VSM, XRD, tGA, ftiR, teM, eDS and icp. the catalytic performance of the synthesized nanocatalyst was considered in the reduction of rhodamine B, and methyl orange in the presence of sodium borohydride in the aqueous medium at room temperature. the results showed that fe 3 o 4-g-c 3 n 4-tct-pAA-Ag nanocomposite could promote both reduction reactions efficiently in very short reaction times (70-100 s). In addition, Fe 3 o 4-gc 3 n 4-TCT-PAA-Ag could be magnetically recovered and recycled for several cycles with no significant decrease in its catalytic performance. Using the experimental results, the rate constant, enthalpy, and entropy of the reduction reactions of both dyes were estimated. Recently, significant consideration has been attracted to the environmental challenges related to water treatment 1. The wastewater of the textile industry that contains aromatic dyes with low biodegradability is increasing, creating one of the principal sources of serious water contamination 2-4. These industries evacuate sewage into the water; several of them are carcinogenic and mutagenic to humans 5. Discharged dyes can also undergo imperfect anaerobic degradation, causing extra toxicity induced by the final products. In addition, coloration reduces sunlight infiltration and oxygen dissolution in water, which is also a serve menace to the aquatic ecosystem 6. The malapropos use of dangerous chemicals in the textile water causes some serious influence on the safety and health. Ulcers, chemical burns, skin diseases, irritation, and respiratory difficulties are prevalent amongst workers in water treatment factories 7. Methyl orange (MO) as an organic azo dye, is toxic dye that is broadly utilized as a chemical reagent in food, paper, leather, and textiles industries. Recently, it has been applied as a natural dye in several industries, and commonly discharged without additional treatment in the ecosystem. This topic has a high threat to aquatic and animal life and possesses a direct influence on human health 8. Rhodamine B (RhB), as a nitrogen-containing cationic dye, is broadly utilized in foodstuffs, and textiles, as well as a tracer fluorescent 9. This dye can undergo reductive anaerobic degradation and produced carcinogenic aromatic amines 10. It has been experimentally proven that RhB causes inflammation of the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Different biological, chemical, and physical, treatment methods have been developed over the last years for the treatment of wastewater. Among them, applying sodium borohydride as a reducing agent is an effective way to reduce dyes to less harmful compounds 11. Metal nanoparticles as a catalyst were used in dye reduction due to their capability to provide higher specific surface areas to hasten these reactions 12. Amo...

A Greener Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tea Leaf and Aloe Vera Leaf Extract for Catalytic Organic Dye Degradation Application

“…The reduction of the dyes in the presence of the Ag NPs catalyst and sodium borohydride follows the subsequent steps as shown in Figure S4‐ at first the dye and the BH 4 − are adsorbed on the catalyst's surface followed by electron transfer to the MO from BH 4 − leading to reduction and decolorization. During this process, hydrogen is attached to the nitrogen of the azo group in the MO structure (Figure S4a) [56] . In the case of MB, after the adsorption of dye on the surface of the catalyst, the first electron attacks the iminium cation.…”

“…During this process, hydrogen is attached to the nitrogen of the azo group in the MO structure (Figure S4a). [56] In the case of MB, after the adsorption of dye on the surface of the catalyst, the first electron attacks the iminium cation. After that, a negative charge on the nitrogen atom of the central ring is generated by the attack of the second electron.…”

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