Green synthesis of luminescent graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots from human urine and its bioimaging application

Zhuang, Qianfen; Guo, Pan; Zheng, Song; Lin, Qiushi; Lin, Yuanyi; Wang, Yong; Ni, Yongnian

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.060

Cited by 51 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A very recent study investigated excited state dynamics of g-CN which provided insights into the charge migration mechanism and PL emission characteristics of g-CN to design efficient photocatalytic systems . Furthermore, it was shown that defects during g-CN polymerization lower PL as they prohibit perfect aromaticity, but also high temperatures of g-CN polymerization can lead to charge stabilization which also decreases PL. , Two common methods to obtain photoluminescent g-CN are either via quantum dot formation at low polycondensation temperatures , (defect engineering) or via exfoliation of perfect bulk g-CN sheets. , However, exfoliation of g-CN sheets generally requires harsh conditions or utilization of additives (such as surfactants) which results in impure dispersions . Enhanced dispersibility can be generated via functionalization of the g-CN surface as well. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Furthermore, it was shown that defects during g-CN polymerization lower PL as they prohibit perfect aromaticity, but also high temperatures of g-CN polymer-ization can lead to charge stabilization which also decreases PL. 17,18 Two common methods to obtain photoluminescent g-CN are either via quantum dot formation at low polycondensation temperatures 19,20 (defect engineering) or via exfoliation of perfect bulk g-CN sheets. 21,22 However, exfoliation of g-CN sheets generally requires harsh conditions or utilization of additives (such as surfactants) which results in impure dispersions.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrostatic Stabilization of Carbon Nitride Colloids in Organic Solvents Enables Stable Dispersions and Transparent Homogeneous CN Films for Optoelectronics

et al. 2018

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Covalent modification of phenyl-modified carbon nitride with vinylthiazole groups via visible light induced grafting is reported. Modified structures express negative charge migration to the thiazole edges while the carbon nitride sheet remains positively charged in organic solutions. Such a phenomenon provides electrostatic stabilization of modified carbon nitride particles in organic media leading to highly organodispersible and colloidally stable carbon nitrides. The resulting structures can be homogeneously dispersed in organic solvents and can be cast to transparent films. The usefulness of such a processable colloidal carbon nitride building block is exemplified here by its high luminescence and inkjet printing of films.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostatic Stabilization of Carbon Nitride Colloids in Organic Solvents Enables Stable Dispersions and Transparent Homogeneous CN Films for Optoelectronics

et al. 2018

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“…Bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C 3 N 4 ) was originally discovered in 2009 as a photocatalyst with easily tailored electronic structure, favorable band gap, and high chemical and thermal stability . Subsequent further research has demonstrated that nanoscale g‐C 3 N 4 quantum dots (g‐C 3 N 4 ‐QDs) exfoliated from bulk g‐C 3 N 4 demonstrate high quantum yield, along with improved water‐solubility and good biocompatibility, expanding the potential applications of g‐C 3 N 4 to LEDs, solar cells, bioimaging, and photocatalysis . Unfortunately, production of g‐C 3 N 4 ‐QDs has been hampered by the poor solubility of bulk g‐C 3 N 4 which makes standard solution‐processing methodologies difficult or impossible, hindering the rate of research and development of this technology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐Pot Exfoliation of Graphitic C₃N₄ Quantum Dots for Blue QLEDs by Methylamine Intercalation

Liu

Butch

et al. 2019

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Here, a simplified synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g‐C3N4‐QDs) with improved solution and electroluminescent properties using a one‐pot methylamine intercalation–stripping method (OMIM) to hydrothermally exfoliate QDs from bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is presented. The quantum dots synthesized by this method retain the blue photoluminescence with extremely high fluorescent quantum yield (47.0%). As compared to previously reported quantum dots, the g‐C3N4‐QDs synthesized herein have lower polydispersity and improved solution stability due to high absolute zeta‐potential (−41.23 mV), which combine to create a much more tractable material for solution processed thin film fabrication. Spin coating of these QDs yields uniform films with full coverage and low surface roughness ideal for quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QLED) fabrication. When incorporated into a functional QLED with OMIM g‐C3N4‐QDs as the emitting layer, the LED demonstrates ≈60× higher luminance (605 vs 11 Cd m−2) at lower operating voltage (9 vs 21 V), as compared to the previously reported first generation g‐C3N4 QLEDs, though further work is needed to improve device stability.

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“…g-C 3 N 4 QDs can be successfully used for polychromatic imaging of cells. [154] Doping P and O showed strong blue fluorescence, and the quantum yield reached 90%. The g-C 3 N 4 QDs doped with oxygen and phosphorus had better light stability, and the fluorescence intensity increased with the increase of the concentration of QDs.…”

Section: G-c 3 N 4 -Based Materials Are Applied In Bioluminescence Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphitic Carbon Nitride‐Based Photocatalysts for Biological Applications

Che

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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fluorescent feature, which makes it be served as bioimaging and fluorescence sensors. In addition, g-C 3 N 4 can be used as a drug carrier due to its π-π conjugation with the drug. It can thus be seen that g-C 3 N 4 is a 2D material with many functions in one. As a result, with the development of g-C 3 N 4 -based materials in biological fields, it is urgent to provide a comprehensive review of g-C 3 N 4 -based materials for biological applications.Like other applications, biological applications of g-C 3 N 4 -based materials are still limited by the reason of relatively large particles size, high recombination of carriers, and circumscribed visible-light absorption. [13] Therefore, in this review, the advanced synthesis approaches to improve the properties of g-C 3 N 4 -based materials are outlined and the different solutions to different problems of different applications are reported at great length. For example, three kinds of ways to improve the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) such as improving the near-infrared response of g-C 3 N 4 , [14] increasing oxygen levels in the microenvironment, [15] and reducing the glutathione (GSH) level in tumor cells are talked about. [16] Moreover, the biosafety and toxicity evaluations of g-C 3 N 4 -based materials are also conducted. Last, the challenges and personal opinions of g-C 3 N 4 -based materials in biomedical applications are discussed. It is hoped that this review could provide references and bases for further expanding the applications of g-C 3 N 4 in biomedical areas. Modification MethodsAt present, the photocatalytic performance of g-C 3 N 4 can be enhanced by defects, [17] hydrogen bond engineering, [18] and integrating with other semiconductors to form a heterojunction structure. [19] Defects EngineeringDefects engineering of g-C 3 N 4 includes vacancy defect and crystal defect. Vacancy in g-C 3 N 4 is served as effective capturing sites for photocarriers to promote charge separation and migration. [20] Doping is an impurity defect belonging to a crystal defect. Impurity defects generally do not change the crystal lattice of the original matrix, but will activate due to lattice malformation and provide conditions for the migration of particles.Metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) as a newly emerging nanomaterial has been employed in the biomedical field because of its special optical and electrical characterizations. This review summarizes diverse methods for preparing g-C 3 N 4 -based materials, and discusses contemporary advancements in biosensors, photocatalytic sterilization, photodynamic therapy, drug carrier, and biological imaging. The biosafety and toxicity evaluations of g-C 3 N 4 -based materials are discussed as well. The review ends with an overview and several insights on the challenges and opportunities of g-C 3 N 4 -based nanomaterials in this burgeoning field. This review is expected to provide inspiration for developing future g-C 3 N 4 -based materials for the biomedical applications.

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Green synthesis of luminescent graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots from human urine and its bioimaging application

Cited by 51 publications

References 36 publications

Electrostatic Stabilization of Carbon Nitride Colloids in Organic Solvents Enables Stable Dispersions and Transparent Homogeneous CN Films for Optoelectronics

Electrostatic Stabilization of Carbon Nitride Colloids in Organic Solvents Enables Stable Dispersions and Transparent Homogeneous CN Films for Optoelectronics

One‐Pot Exfoliation of Graphitic C₃N₄ Quantum Dots for Blue QLEDs by Methylamine Intercalation

Graphitic Carbon Nitride‐Based Photocatalysts for Biological Applications

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Green synthesis of luminescent graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots from human urine and its bioimaging application

Cited by 51 publications

References 36 publications

Electrostatic Stabilization of Carbon Nitride Colloids in Organic Solvents Enables Stable Dispersions and Transparent Homogeneous CN Films for Optoelectronics

Electrostatic Stabilization of Carbon Nitride Colloids in Organic Solvents Enables Stable Dispersions and Transparent Homogeneous CN Films for Optoelectronics

One‐Pot Exfoliation of Graphitic C3N4 Quantum Dots for Blue QLEDs by Methylamine Intercalation

Graphitic Carbon Nitride‐Based Photocatalysts for Biological Applications

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One‐Pot Exfoliation of Graphitic C₃N₄ Quantum Dots for Blue QLEDs by Methylamine Intercalation