Green synthesis of magnetic α–Fe2O3 nanospheres using Bridelia retusa leaf extract for Fenton-like degradation of crystal violet dye

Abstract

The reach of nanotechnology has permeated into a range of disciplines and systematically revolutionized many manufacturing techniques. Today, nanoparticles are fabricated using varied approaches, each with its pros and cons. Of them, the green synthesis approach has been very effective in terms of overall economics and the stability of nanoparticles. The current study investigates the use of the leaf extract of Bridelia retusa for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. Typical of these nanoparticles, no specific peak was discernible on employing UV–visible spectroscopy. The size, morphological features, and crystallinity of the nanoparticles were determined by employing scanning electron microscopy and electron diffraction spectroscopy. Almost uniformly sized at 38.58 nm, the nanoparticles were spherical, constituting elemental iron at 11.5% and elemental oxygen at 59%. Their relative composition confirmed the nanoparticles to be iron oxide. X-ray diffraction studies showed the particles to be hexagonal and rhombohedral, estimating the crystallite size at 24.27 nm. BET analysis put the pore volume at 0.1198 cm3/g and pore diameter at 7.92 nm. The unique feature of the nanoparticles was that the specific surface area was 75.19 m2/g, which is more than 12 times higher than commercial α-Fe2O3. The participation of a variety of biochemicals in the leaf extract towards the reduction-cum-stabilization was confirmed using FTIR analysis. The Fenton-like catalytic activity of the nanoparticles was put to test by attempting to degrade crystal violet dye, which was completely achieved in 270 min. The kinetics of the degradation was also modelled in the study.

Enhancement of antibacterial activity through phyto‐fabrication of silver nanoparticles with Ficus thonningii aqueous extracts

“…In the phytochemical evaluation of F. thonningii extract, flavonoids were abundantly present, and FTIR spectra revealed functional groups (O-H, N-O, C=C, N-H) known to participate in redox -253 reactions. In the nanoparticle synthesis, therefore, plausibly Ag + ion is reduced to Ag 0 by mainly '-OH' and ' =O' functional groups of saponins, anthraquinones and flavonoids as contributors of extract's sufficient reduction potential [13]. The zero-valent iron particles get oxidised under basic conditions and ultimately aggregate.…”

“…The phytochemical profiling of aqueous extracts was done according to Prod et al., 2012 [ 13 ]. To detect flavonoids, 1 ml of concentrated H 2 SO 4 was added to 5 ml of water extract and 0.5 g of Magnesium strip.…”

Cadmium and Lead Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Magnetite Nanoparticles Biofabricated from Portulaca oleracea Leaf Extract

“…The dried leaves were made into small parts and heated in 500 mL of deionized water for the release of phenolic biomolecules, which rendered the solution yellow. The clear yellow filtrate which was named Portulaca oleracea leaf (POL) extract after cooling was preserved at 4 °C for further use [33].…”

High Potential Decolourisation of Textile Dyes from Wastewater by Manganese Peroxidase Production of Newly Immobilised Trametes hirsuta PW17-41 and FTIR Analysis

“…The effluents from textile industries contain many toxic compounds, including heavy metals, which are difficult to remove from wastewater. The control of dye pollution has been extensively studied via both physical and chemical treatments using several methods, including adsorption, oxidation and Fenton reactions [ 4 ]. Some of these methods can be expensive and can produce a large number of byproducts that require further processing, which can create disposal problems [ 5 ].…”