Green synthesis of ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaves: Characterization and their potential antibacterial, antidiabetic, and wound-healing activities

Iqbal, Yasir; Malik, Abdul; Iqbal, Tanzeel; Aziz, Muhammad Hammad; Ahmed, Farhana; Abolaban, Fouad A.; Ali, Syed Mansoor; Ullah, Hafeez

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130671

Cited by 59 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…indica leaf juice and Aloe vera-based decoction during the synthesis process, whereas the presence of Fe in JB can be attributed to the incineration process in the iron pan. Interestingly, the use of herbal decoctions during the “Ma̅raṇa” processes is similar to the current application of herbs for the reduction of metal ions and surface passivation of functional groups during the green synthesis of metal-based nanoparticles. , Size distribution analysis of JB samples showed an advancing reduction in the particle size distribution of JB samples with progressing incineration cycles (cycle 1: 1026 ± 63 d nm, cycle 4: 572 ± 35.54 d nm, cycle 8: 503.5 ± 38.59 d nm, cycle 12: 478.7 ± 28.96 d nm, cycle 16: 324.7 ± 22.20 d nm, and cycle 17: 253.7 ± 12.06 d nm) (Figure D). DLS analysis showed a larger average size of JB nanoparticles compared to XRD and FESEM size analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Interestingly, the use of herbal decoctions during the “Ma̅raṇa” processes is similar to the current application of herbs for the reduction of metal ions and surface passivation of functional groups during the green synthesis of metal-based nanoparticles. 59 , 60 Size distribution analysis of JB samples showed an advancing reduction in the particle size distribution of JB samples with progressing incineration cycles (cycle 1: 1026 ± 63 d nm, cycle 4: 572 ± 35.54 d nm, cycle 8: 503.5 ± 38.59 d nm, cycle 12: 478.7 ± 28.96 d nm, cycle 16: 324.7 ± 22.20 d nm, and cycle 17: 253.7 ± 12.06 d nm) ( Figure 5 D). DLS analysis showed a larger average size of JB nanoparticles compared to XRD and FESEM size analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Role of Classical Ayurveda-Based Incineration Process on the Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Based Jasada Bhasma Nanoparticles and Zn²⁺ Bioavailability

Balkrishna

Sharma

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Jasada bhasma (JB) is a zinc oxide-based Indian traditional Ayurveda-based herbo-metallic nanoparticle used for the treatment of zinc (Zn) deficiency and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. JB is made by following the Ayurveda-based guidelines using zinc oxide (ZnO) as a raw material and going through 17 cycles of the high-temperature incineration and trituration process known as “Ma̅raṇa” in the presence of herbal decoctions prepared from the leaves ofAzadirachta indica andAloe vera gel. These cycles improve the purity of the parent material and transform its physicochemical properties, converting it into nanoparticles. However, there still exists a knowledge gap regarding the role of incineration in the physicochemical transformation of the Zn raw material into JB nanoparticles and the biological interaction of the final product. In the present study, the JB samples obtained during different Ma̅raṇa cycles were carefully studied for their physicochemical transformation using analytical methods such as powdered X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). According to the XRD results, the Zn and oxygen molecules in hexagonal ZnO wurtzite crystals gradually realigned as a result of repeated heat treatments that caused lattice tension and crystal size reduction from 53.14 to 42.40 nm. A morphological transition from 1.5 μm rod shape to 31 nm in the JB particles can be seen using FESEM and SAXS analyses. The existence of 10 nm-sized nanoparticles in the finished product was confirmed by HRTEM. The presence of ZnO was confirmed in all samples by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. Cell viability analysis showed an inhibitory concentration 50% of >1000 μg/mL for JB nanoparticles, revealing no adverse effects in human colon Caco-2 cells. A dose-dependent uptake and intracellular accumulation of JB nanoparticles were observed in Caco-2 cells using inductively coupled plasma-based mass spectroscopy (ICP–MS). Bioavailability of Zn2+ ions (6% w/w) through JB dissolution in acidic pH 4.0 was observed, representing the stomach and intracellular lysosomal physiological conditions. Therefore, the study showed that the repeated incineration cycles produced biocompatible JB nanoparticles through the physicochemical transformation at molecular levels capable of delivering bioavailable Zn2+ ions under physiological conditions. In conclusion, the medicinal properties of JB nanoparticles described in Ayurveda were found to originate from their small size and dissolution properties, formed through the classical incineration-based synthesis process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Role of Classical Ayurveda-Based Incineration Process on the Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Based Jasada Bhasma Nanoparticles and Zn²⁺ Bioavailability

Balkrishna

Sharma

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…These effects are accompanied by changes in lattice parameter values. Debye–Scherrer's equation [ 31 ] was used to calculate the average crystallite size of SnO 2 and Sn(Fe : Ni)O 2 nanoparticles as follows:

where λ is equal to 1.54060 Å (the wavelength of X-ray used), β is the angular peak width at half maximum in radians, and θ is Bragg' s diffraction angle. The average crystallite size is calculated at 65 nm and 52 nm for SnO 2 and Sn(Fe : Ni)O 2 nanoparticles, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Structural, Optical, and Antibacterial Properties of Green Sn(Fe : Ni)O2 Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract

Aloufi

2023

Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications

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Metal oxide nanoparticles have attained notable recognition due to their interesting physicochemical properties. Although these nanoparticles can be synthesized using a variety of approaches, the biological method involving plant extracts is preferred since it provides a simple, uncomplicated, ecologically friendly, efficient, rapid, and economical way for synthesis. In this study, the Azadirachta indica leaf extract was used as a reducing agent, and a green process was used to synthesize tin(ferrous: nickel)dioxide (Sn(Fe : Ni)O2) nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to characterization by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and photoluminescence (PL) measurement. Furthermore, Sn(Fe : Ni)O2 nanoparticles were analyzed for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains. XRD patterns revealed that Sn(Fe : Ni)O2 nanoparticles exhibited a tetragonal structure. The hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles was 143 nm, as confirmed by the DLS spectrum. The FESEM image showed the spherical form of the synthesized nanoparticles. Chemical composites and mapping analyses were performed through the EDAX spectrum. The Sn–O–Sn and Sn–O stretching bands were 615 cm−1 and 550 cm−1 in the FTIR spectrum, respectively. Various surface defects of the synthesized Sn(Fe : Ni)O2 nanoparticles were identified by photoluminescence spectra. Compared to traditional antibiotics like amoxicillin, the inhibition zone revealed that Sn(Fe : Ni)O2 nanoparticles displayed remarkable antibacterial activity against all tested organisms, indicating the valuable potential of nanoparticles in the healthcare industry.

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“…In stabilizing and capping agents, the peak at 1381 cm −1 represents carbonyl side-group symmetric stretching. The intense band at 1027 cm −1 of carbonyl (C=O) stretching vibration shows the existence of carboxylic acid groups in leaf extracts [ 28 , 29 ]. The region at 450 cm −1 in the lower energy area of the spectrum corresponds to Zn–O bond bending vibration [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Plant Protein Derived Tri Angular Shaped Nano Zinc Oxide Particles with Inherent Antibacterial and Neurotoxicity Properties

Hou

Sana

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

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The synthesis of nanometer-sized metallic nanoparticles utilizing bio-sources is one of the most cost-effective and ecologically friendly approaches. Nano-zinc oxide particles (N-ZnO Ps) were made using a simple green synthesis method using an aqueous zinc nitrate salt and Perilla frutescens crude protein as a protecting and reducing agent in the current work. UV-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), (energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy) EDX and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were used to characterize the synthesized N-ZnO Ps. A distinctive UV-vis absorption peak was observed at 370 nm due to N-ZnO Ps. The SEM and HR-TEM pictures revealed N-ZnO Ps with a triangular form. The XRD pattern indicated the wurtzite structure of N-ZnO Ps. Nanoparticles exhibited a zeta potential of −11.3 mV. The antibacterial activity of N-ZnO Ps was tested against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia) microorganisms. The N-ZnO Ps were non-toxic to HMC-3 human normal brain microglia cells; however, they exhibited a potential cytotoxic effect on the LN-18 human brain glioblastoma cell line. These results indicate that N-ZnOPs can act as promising antibacterial and anticancer treatments in the prevention of Glioblastoma.

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Green synthesis of ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaves: Characterization and their potential antibacterial, antidiabetic, and wound-healing activities

Cited by 59 publications

References 18 publications

Investigating the Role of Classical Ayurveda-Based Incineration Process on the Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Based Jasada Bhasma Nanoparticles and Zn²⁺ Bioavailability

Investigating the Role of Classical Ayurveda-Based Incineration Process on the Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Based Jasada Bhasma Nanoparticles and Zn²⁺ Bioavailability

Assessment of Structural, Optical, and Antibacterial Properties of Green Sn(Fe : Ni)O2 Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract

Development of Plant Protein Derived Tri Angular Shaped Nano Zinc Oxide Particles with Inherent Antibacterial and Neurotoxicity Properties

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Green synthesis of ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaves: Characterization and their potential antibacterial, antidiabetic, and wound-healing activities

Cited by 59 publications

References 18 publications

Investigating the Role of Classical Ayurveda-Based Incineration Process on the Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Based Jasada Bhasma Nanoparticles and Zn2+ Bioavailability

Investigating the Role of Classical Ayurveda-Based Incineration Process on the Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Based Jasada Bhasma Nanoparticles and Zn2+ Bioavailability

Assessment of Structural, Optical, and Antibacterial Properties of Green Sn(Fe : Ni)O2 Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract

Development of Plant Protein Derived Tri Angular Shaped Nano Zinc Oxide Particles with Inherent Antibacterial and Neurotoxicity Properties

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Investigating the Role of Classical Ayurveda-Based Incineration Process on the Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Based Jasada Bhasma Nanoparticles and Zn²⁺ Bioavailability

Investigating the Role of Classical Ayurveda-Based Incineration Process on the Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Based Jasada Bhasma Nanoparticles and Zn²⁺ Bioavailability