Green synthesized amino-PEGylated silver decorated graphene nanoplatform as a tumor-targeted controlled drug delivery system

Abstract

In this study design, the PEGylated silver decorated graphene nanocomposites (NGO-AgNPs-PEG) were successfully prepared by eco-friendly non-toxic green synthesis following a novel syn-graphenization method using the aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (A. indica) (neem) as reducing agent. The prepared Smart pH stimuli responded nanoplatform was thoroughly characterized by various analytical techniques. Since a functional nanocarrier is very essential for cancer therapy, it could quickly guide the loaded anticancer drug to the tumor site to decrease the side effect. In order to overcome the side effects of doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, it was incorporated into amino PEGylated NGO-AgNPs nanocomposites. Considering drug loading and release studies, it may be concluded that improved drug loading efficiency (218%) and more pH-responsive controlled release (following Korsmeyer-Peppas model release kinetics) of DOX from NGO-AgNPs-PEG lead to a promising nanocarrier for the anticancer drug. The cytotoxicity study results, on HaCaT cell lines, indicated DOX-loaded PEGylated functionalized nanographene oxides, as compared to free DOX, had lesser harmful effect on normal cells than cancer cells. Increased cytotoxicity was exhibited in the cancerous cells (HeLa cell lines) treated with DOX loaded PEGylated silver functionalized nanographene oxide compared to covalently conjugated NGO-DOX. So, the effective delivery and release of the anticancer drug into acidic microenvironment of the targeted tumour cells would bring out higher therapeutic efficacy than pure NGO. Such a gold standard biocompatible PEGylated silver decorated NGO theranostic nanoplatform may be an excellent nano cargo for targeted and controlled drug delivery in cancer therapy.

Optically responsive delivery platforms: from the design considerations to biomedical applications

“…Motivated by the high plasmonic potential of Ag NPs, several strategies were suggested to preserve Ag nanostructure from the fast degradation [116]. These strategies mostly focus on surface modification of Ag NPs with an extra protecting layer of inorganic or organic coating, such as Si [117], graphene oxide (GO) [118], self-assembled monolayers of organic thiols [119], etc. Another approach to protect the unstable Ag NPs involves Au coating.…”

Novel green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using clammy cherry (Cordia obliqua Willd) fruit extract and investigation on its catalytic and antimicrobial properties

“…Recently, the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have been proposed as a cost-effective and eco-friendly substitute to chemical methods. Many studies have been demonstrated the biosynthesis of AgNPs mediated by the microorganism or by phytochemicals or enzymatic synthesis [11,18,19,[29][30][31][32][33]. Among the biological methods, photosynthesis which involves reduction by phytochemicals derived from plants seems to be the superior choice.…”

A Review on Synthesis, Applications, Toxicity, Risk Assessment and Limitations of Plant Extracts Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

“…Besides, they were also serving their purpose in food processing industry [55]. Recently there are research reports demonstrating the applications of AgNPs in the fields of targeted drug delivery [56], stem cell therapy [57], therapeutics [30] and cell imaging [55]. This is because of their cytotoxic [58], optical surface plasmon absorption and surface plasmon light scattering properties [38].…”