Green Tobacco Sickness in Children and Adolescents

McKnight, Robert H.; Spiller, Henry A.

doi:10.1177/003335490512000607

Cited by 69 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…79 There have been multiple reports of severe green tobacco sickness in children. 80 15. Concentrated nicotine solution for electronic nicotine delivery systems should be sold in child-resistant containers with amounts limited to that which would not be lethal to a young child if ingested.…”

Section: Recommendation Strength: Strong Recommendationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Policy to Protect Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke

Farber¹,

Nelson²,

Groner³

et al. 2015

Pediatrics

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Tobacco use and tobacco smoke exposure are among the most important health threats to children, adolescents, and adults. There is no safe level of tobacco smoke exposure. The developing brains of children and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the development of tobacco and nicotine dependence. Tobacco is unique among consumer products in that it causes disease and death when used exactly as intended. Tobacco continues to be heavily promoted to children and young adults. Flavored and alternative tobacco products, including little cigars, chewing tobacco, and electronic nicotine delivery systems are gaining popularity among youth. This statement describes important evidence-based public policy actions that, when implemented, will reduce tobacco product use and tobacco smoke exposure among youth and, by doing so, improve the health of children and young adults.

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Section: Recommendation Strength: Strong Recommendationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Policy to Protect Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke

Farber¹,

Nelson²,

Groner³

et al. 2015

Pediatrics

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“…Saúde Pública 2016; 32(12):e00072415 | www.ensp.fiocruz.br/csp Introdução O Brasil é o maior exportador de tabaco no cená-rio mundial e o terceiro maior produtor, perdendo a primeira e a segunda posição para China e Índia, respectivamente. Características comuns na produção de tabaco são o trabalho familiar e a forte presença do trabalho feminino e infantil 1,2 . Além do risco de intoxicação provocada pelo uso de agrotóxicos, os trabalhadores também estão susceptíveis a outros problemas de saúde, tais como lesões musculoesqueléticas, doenças respiratórias, doença da folha verde do tabaco (DFVT) e acidentes típicos 3 .…”

Section: Tabaco; Trabalhadores Rurais; Saúde Ocupacional; Condições Dunclassified

“…Sistema integrado de produção do tabaco: saúde, trabalho e condições de vida de trabalhadores rurais no Sul do Brasil Integrated tobacco production: health, labor, and working conditions of tobacco farmers in Southern Brazil Sistema integrado de producción del tabaco: salud, trabajo y condiciones de vida de trabajadores rurales en el Sur de Brasil Deise Lisboa Riquinho 1 Élida Azevedo Hennington 2 …”

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Sistema integrado de produção do tabaco: saúde, trabalho e condições de vida de trabalhadores rurais no Sul do Brasil

Riquinho

Hennington

2016

Cad. Saúde Pública

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“…122 A large proportion of the effected are children. 123 In rural settings that currently rely on tobacco farming, community-based initiatives should be placed that can discourage families from cultivating tobacco and offer help to grow alternative crops. Governments can further intervene by making other alternative healthier crops as profitable as tobacco farming.…”

Section: The Who Fctc and Mpower: Two Global Public Health Programs Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Public Health Policy of Tobacco Use and Cardiovascular Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Saleheen

Zhao

Rasheed

2014

ATVB

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Abstract-All forms of tobacco lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders. During the past few decades, the number of people who consume tobacco has increased worldwide because of an overall increase in the global population. It is estimated that close to 80% of the >1.3 billion people who smoke tobacco in the world are in low-and middle-income countries. Smokeless forms of tobacco are also widely consumed in low-and middle-income countries, including chewable and snuffed forms. Lack of targeted and effective strategies to control tobacco consumption contributes to a large burden of cardiovascular disorders in low-and middle-income countries, where cardiovascular disorders have become the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In this review, we evaluate the epidemiology of tobacco use in low-and middle-income countries and assess the public health policies needed to control tobacco use in such regions for the prevention of cardiovascular disorders and other tobacco-related morbidities and mortality. Bidis and Kreteks Some of the smoked tobacco products are largely regionally specific. These products include bidis and kretes. Bidis are made of tobacco flakes wrapped in a nontobacco leaf (temburani or tendu) and are widely used in South Asia. 2 Flavoring ingredients are sometime added to bidis. Majority of bidis are manufactured in small cottage industries in South Asia. 16 Bidi smoking in India is more prevalent than manufactured cigarettes. [17][18][19] Bidi sales have not been subject to taxes and until recently they carried no health warnings. 20 Because of lower costs than manufactured cigarettes, bids are frequently smoked by poor people who have less education and are usually unaware of the health hazards associated with tobacco smoking. 17 Kreteks are largely produced in Indonesia and contain tobacco, clove buds, and a wide variety of additives (eg, caca, flavors). 21,22 Cloves contain eugenol, which acts as a local anesthetic in airways inducing more intense smoking than manufactured cigarettes. [23][24][25] Majority of kreteks have been machine made since the mechanization of the industry in the 1970s. 26 It is estimated that >90% of all smokers in Indonesia use kreteks. 27 Both bidis and kreteks are exported to other parts of the world including Europe and North America. 28 Studies examining smoking patterns, CO exposure, and nicotine delivery have found bidis and kreteks to differ little from manufactured cigarettes. 16,[29][30][31] Waterpipes There are various names by which waterpipes are known in different regions, including shisha, hookah, goza, and narghile. 32 Typical waterpipes combust tobacco (usually with the help of charcoal), and smoke is passed through a bowl of water before being inhaled through a hose. 32 A wide variety of products may be added along with tobacco for combustion, including hashish and other flavoring agents. 22 Despite a common association of waterpipe tobacco consumption with the Eastern Mediterranean region, waterpipe tobacco consumption is also high in ce...

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Green Tobacco Sickness in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 69 publications

References 17 publications

Public Policy to Protect Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke

Public Policy to Protect Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke

Sistema integrado de produção do tabaco: saúde, trabalho e condições de vida de trabalhadores rurais no Sul do Brasil

Epidemiology and Public Health Policy of Tobacco Use and Cardiovascular Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

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