Green versus Chemical Precipitation Methods of Preparing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties

Abstract

Comparison of green and chemical precipitation method syntheses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was performed, and antimicrobial properties were investigated. Avocado, mango, and papaya fruit extracts were carried out for the green synthesising methods, while the chemical precipitation method was chosen from chemical synthesis methods. Zinc nitrate was used as a salt precursor, whereas leaf extract was served as a reducing agent for green synthesising methods. In addition, sodium hydroxide, polyvinyl alcohol, and potassium hydroxide were used as reducing agents in the case of chemical precipitation synthesis methods. ZnO NPs were characterised by characterizing techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activities of prepared nanoparticles were evaluated on Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). The particle sizes of the prepared samples which were evaluated by the Scherrer equation were in the range of 11-21 nm for green synthesis, while 30-40 nm for chemical precipitation synthesis methods. Small agglomerations were observed from SEM results of prepared ZnO NPs from both methods. Prepared ZnO NPs were showed strong antimicrobial properties. From the result, the inhibition zone was in the range of 15-24 mm for the green route and 7–15 mm for chemical precipitation methods, where the standard drugs have 25 mm of the zone of inhibition. A green synthesised method of preparing ZnO NPs gives promising antimicrobial properties compared to chemical synthesis and is also eco-friendly and safe compared to the chemical synthesis.

Importance of Zinc Nanoparticles for the Intestinal Microbiome of Weaned Piglets

“…A promising aspect is the presence of phytoactive compounds in the NPs structure which can promote its additional properties ( 76 ). However, few studies compared these two means of synthesis, and some of them showed evidence that green synthesized ZnNPs even had lower antimicrobial effect ( 77 , 78 ). Moreover, disadvantages of the green synthesis include poor control of NPs formation, difficulty in large-scale production and differences in compound composition in plant extracts ( 79 ).…”

Sunlight Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Green Chemistry Using Different Botanical Extracts and Zinc Acetate as a Precursor

“…The precipitation method has been used extensively to prepare ZnO NPs [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Recently, Lam et al synthesized iron-doped ZnO (Fe-ZnO) nanoparticles according to a simple and green method utilizing Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract, reporting the properties of these nanoparticles for the inactivation of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) under sunlight irradiation [ 9 ].…”

Curcumin assisted green synthesis of silver and zinc oxide nanostructures and their antibacterial activity against some clinical pathogenic multi-drug resistant bacteria

“…Fabrication of curcumin-capped zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Curcumin-capped zinc oxide nanoparticles have been prepared via the chemical reduction method of zinc precursors (Zn 2+ ) via phenolic groups present in Curcuma longa extract, as reported previously [42][43][44] with minor modications. Typically, 25 ml of 4 mM of ethanolic solution of Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 was added to 75 ml of curcumin ethanolic extract under vigorous stirring and reux at 70 C for 2 h. The reaction colour changed from orange to yellowish precipitate, indicating the formation of Zn(OH) 2 powder.…”