Greener synthesis of lignin nanoparticles and their applications

Iravani, Siavash; Varma, Rajender S.

doi:10.1039/c9gc02835h

Cited by 342 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…The synthesis tactic, crystalline structure, non-quantitative surface structure, nano-size effect, and virtual size polydispersion are closely related to the luminescence mechanism, which can be resolved by careful evaluation, precise synthesis, and intelligent analysis. Future investigations should focus on the enhancement of quantum yield, biocompatibility, and synthesis approaches that should encompass green, eco-friendly, low-energy, low-cost, simple, and efficient routes, suitable nano-size, and compositional and structural alterations (Huang et al 2019b;Iravani and Varma 2020).…”

Section: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green synthesis, biomedical and biotechnological applications of carbon and graphene quantum dots. A review

2020

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Carbon and graphene quantum dots are prepared using top-down and bottom-up methods. Sustainable synthesis of quantum dots has several advantages such as the use of low-cost and non-toxic raw materials, simple operations, expeditious reactions, renewable resources and straightforward post-processing steps. These nanomaterials are promising for clinical and biomedical sciences, especially in bioimaging, diagnosis, bioanalytical assays and biosensors. Here we review green methods for the fabrication of quantum dots, and biomedical and biotechnological applications.

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Section: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green synthesis, biomedical and biotechnological applications of carbon and graphene quantum dots. A review

2020

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“…Extensive literature is reported on cellulose and hemicellulose-based biofuels and chemicals as well as lignin chemistry including waste biorefinery (Bhaskar et al 2020 ). Biopolymers of cellulose type, chitin and chitosan, marine algae, among other biogenic material waste can be converted advantageously to biofuels, energy products and biochemicals including niche applications in catalysis and biomedical industry (Bhaskar et al 2020 ; Colmenares et al 2017 ; Iravani and Varma 2020 ; Lucas et al 2019 ).…”

Section: The Quest For Sustainable Alternatives To Crude Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of lignin, which needs to be depolymerized for conversion into useful chemicals and material, continuous flow microreactors are advocated for commercial applications (Colmenares et al 2017 ). Further, interesting advancements related to the biomedical and therapeutic applications of lignin nanoparticles are discussed (Iravani and Varma 2020 ). Technologies for lignin conversion into activated carbon, carbon fiber production, polyurethane foam and materials, and the biological conversion of lignin with fungi, bacteria or enzymes to produce chemicals and a variety of aromatic compounds using different chemical, catalytic, thermochemical and solvolysis are presented (Fang and Smith 2016 ).…”

Section: The Quest For Sustainable Alternatives To Crude Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

The production of fuels and chemicals in the new world: critical analysis of the choice between crude oil and biomass vis-à-vis sustainability and the environment

Yadav

Patankar

2020

Clean Techn Environ Policy

117

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Energy and the environment are intimately related and hotly debated issues. Today’s crude oil-based economy for the manufacture of fuels, chemicals and materials will not have a sustainable future. The over-use of oil products has done a great damage to the environment. Faced with the twin challenges of sustaining socioeconomic development and shrinking the environmental footprint of chemicals and fuel manufacturing, a major emphasis is on either converting biomass into low-value, high-volume biofuels or refining it into a wide spectrum of products. Using carbon for fuel is a flawed approach and unlikely to achieve any nation’s socioeconomic or environmental targets. Biomass is chemically and geographically incompatible with the existing refining and pipeline infrastructure, and biorefining and biofuels production in their current forms will not achieve economies of scale in most nations. Synergistic use of crude oil, biomass, and shale gas to produce fuels, value-added chemicals, and commodity chemicals, respectively, can continue for some time. However, carbon should not be used as a source of fuel or energy but be valorized to other products. In controlling CO2 emissions, hydrogen will play a critical role. Hydrogen is best suited for converting waste biomass and carbon dioxide emanated from different sources, whether it be fossil fuel-derived carbon or biomass-derived carbon, into fuels and chemicals as well as it will also lead, on its own as energy source, to the carbon negative scenario in conjunction with other renewable non-carbon sources. This new paradigm for production of fuels and chemicals not only offers the greatest monetization potential for biomass and shale gas, but it could also scale down output and improve the atom and energy economies of oil refineries. We have also highlighted the technology gaps with the intention to drive R&D in these directions. We believe this article will generate a considerable debate in energy sector and lead to better energy and material policy across the world. Graphic abstract

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“…Additionally, the conventional physicochemical procedures entail time consuming, expensive/special equipment requiring high energy, pressure, and temperature, culminating in the formation of toxic byproducts/wastes and hazardous materials [ 6 , 43 , 44 ]. Therefore, the design of greener and sustainable synthetic routes is preferred since they are safe, environmentally salubrious, and often cost-effective [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Solvents and capping/stabilizing/reducing agents should be carefully considered based on the concepts and principles of green chemistry and be applied to such trimetallic NPs synthesis that entails the utilization of nontoxic reagents, capping/reducing agents, and safer solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trimetallic Nanoparticles: Greener Synthesis and Their Applications

et al. 2020

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Nanoparticles (NPs) and multifunctional nano-sized materials have significant applications in diverse fields, namely catalysis, sensors, optics, solar energy conversion, cancer therapy/diagnosis, and bioimaging. Trimetallic NPs have found unique catalytic, active food packaging, biomedical, antimicrobial, and sensing applications; they preserve an ever-superior level of catalytic activities and selectivity compared to monometallic and bimetallic nanomaterials. Due to these important applications, a variety of preparation routes, including hydrothermal, microemulsion, selective catalytic reduction, co-precipitation, and microwave-assisted methodologies have been reported for the syntheses of these nanomaterials. As the fabrication of nanomaterials using physicochemical methods often have hazardous and toxic impacts on the environment, there is a vital need to design innovative and well-organized eco-friendly, sustainable, and greener synthetic protocols for their assembly, by applying safer, renewable, and inexpensive materials. In this review, noteworthy recent advancements relating to the applications of trimetallic NPs and nanocomposites comprising these NPs are underscored as well as their eco-friendly and sustainable synthetic preparative options.

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Greener synthesis of lignin nanoparticles and their applications

Abstract: Greener synthesis of lignin nanoparticles and their important biomedical applications are discussed.

Cited by 342 publications

References 147 publications

Green synthesis, biomedical and biotechnological applications of carbon and graphene quantum dots. A review

Green synthesis, biomedical and biotechnological applications of carbon and graphene quantum dots. A review

The production of fuels and chemicals in the new world: critical analysis of the choice between crude oil and biomass vis-à-vis sustainability and the environment

Trimetallic Nanoparticles: Greener Synthesis and Their Applications

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