Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste Management—Assessment of Quantification Methods

Mohareb, Eugene; MacLean, Heather L.; Kennedy, Christopher

doi:10.3155/1047-3289.61.5.480

Cited by 62 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Energy production from food waste Food waste has the potential to be converted to a useful energy resource in the form of biogas, with many cities already collecting source-separated organics for processing in local anaerobic digesters (Uçkun Kiran et al 2014, Sanscartier et al 2012, Mohareb et al 2011, Bernstad and la Cour Jansen 2011. Following the potential for circular resource use suggested by Metson et al (2012), the proximity of increased urban food waste from both production as well as further down the food supply chain could provide a greater feedstock for co-located urban anaerobic digestion (AD) systems.…”

Section: Exploiting Urban Resources For Local Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for reducing food system energy demand while scaling up urban agriculture

Mohareb

Heller

Novak

et al. 2017

Environ. Res. Lett.

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There is an increasing global interest in scaling up urban agriculture (UA) in its various forms, from private gardens to sophisticated commercial operations. Much of this interest is in the spirit of environmental protection, with reduced waste and transportation energy highlighted as some of the proposed benefits of UA; however, explicit consideration of energy and resource requirements needs to be made in order to realize these anticipated environmental benefits. A literature review is undertaken here to provide new insight into the energy implications of scaling up UA in cities in high-income countries, considering UA classification, direct/indirect energy pressures, and interactions with other components of the food-energy-water nexus. This is followed by an exploration of ways in which these cities can plan for the exploitation of waste flows for resource-efficient UA.Given that it is estimated that the food system contributes nearly 15% of total US energy demand, optimization of resource use in food production, distribution, consumption, and waste systems may have a significant energy impact. There are limited data available that quantify resource demand implications directly associated with UA systems, highlighting that the literature is not yet sufficiently robust to make universal claims on benefits. This letter explores energy demand from conventional resource inputs, various production systems, water/energy trade-offs, alternative irrigation, packaging materials, and transportation/supply chains to shed light on UA-focused research needs.By analyzing data and cases from the existing literature, we propose that gains in energy efficiency could be realized through the co-location of UA operations with waste streams (e.g. heat, CO 2 , greywater, wastewater, compost), potentially increasing yields and offsetting life cycle energy demands relative to conventional approaches. This begs a number of energy-focused UA research questions that explore the opportunities for integrating the variety of UA structures and technologies, so that they are better able to exploit these urban waste flows and achieve whole-system reductions in energy demand. Any planning approach to implement these must, as always, assess how context will influence the viability and value added from the promotion of UA.

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Section: Exploiting Urban Resources For Local Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for reducing food system energy demand while scaling up urban agriculture

Mohareb

Heller

Novak

et al. 2017

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…Nevertheless, it is still difficult to assess whole-site LFG emissions, mainly due to unrepresentative approaches or unrealistic parameter values in models (Mohareb et al, 2011). For example, a flux chamber approach is widely used because it is easy to operate and costefficient (Reinhart et al, 1992;Abushammala et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and application of site-specific data to revise the first-order decay model for estimating landfill gas generation and emissions at Danish landfills

Mou

Scheutz

Kjeldsen

2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Methane (CH 4 ) generated from low-organic waste degradation at four Danish landfills was estimated by three first-order decay (FOD) landfill gas (LFG) generation models (LandGEM, IPCC, and Afvalzorg). Actual waste data from Danish landfills were applied to fit model (IPCC and Afvalzorg) required categories. In general, the single-phase model, LandGEM, significantly overestimated CH 4 generation, because it applied too high default values for key parameters to handle low-organic waste scenarios. The key parameters were biochemical CH 4 potential (BMP) and CH 4 generation rate constant (k-value). In comparison to the IPCC model, the Afvalzorg model was more suitable for estimating CH 4 generation at Danish landfills, because it defined more proper waste categories rather than traditional municipal solid waste (MSW) fractions. Moreover, the Afvalzorg model could better show the influence of not only the total disposed waste amount, but also various waste categories. By using laboratory-determined BMPs and k-values for shredder, sludge, mixed bulky waste, and street-cleaning waste, the Afvalzorg model was revised. The revised model estimated smaller cumulative CH 4 generation results at the four Danish landfills (from the start of disposal until 2020 and until 2100). Through a CH 4 mass balance approach, fugitive CH 4 emissions from whole sites and a specific cell for shredder waste were aggregated based on the revised Afvalzorg model outcomes. Aggregated results were in good agreement with field measurements, indicating that the revised Afvalzorg model could provide practical and accurate estimation for Danish LFG emissions. This study is valuable for both researchers and engineers aiming to predict, control, and mitigate fugitive CH 4 emissions from landfills receiving low-organic waste.Implications: Landfill operators use the first-order decay (FOD) models to estimate methane (CH 4 ) generation. A single-phase model (LandGEM) and a traditional model (IPCC) could result in overestimation when handling a low-organic waste scenario. Site-specific data were important and capable of calibrating key parameter values in FOD models. The comparison study of the revised Afvalzorg model outcomes and field measurements at four Danish landfills provided a guideline for revising the Pollutants Release and Transfer Registers (PRTR) model, as well as indicating noteworthy waste fractions that could emit CH 4 at modern landfills.

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“…In comparison with Mohareb et al (2011) [12] which similar research using WARM has found that carbon sink of 53 kt of CO2 equivalents. This has outlined that WARM model is in principle of calculating the carbon credits by sequestration of organic carbon.…”

Section: Fig 6 -Total Incremental Mtce Emissionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Mohareb et al [12] have stated by examining the differences in emissions from the quantification tools and guidelines in the WARM model would easily visualize the shortcomings and the methodological differences to the view of the professionals. Furthermore, the evaluation of this model with regard to the various treatment options and the selection of several methods stated in the WARM model would also help the other researchers on the assessment of waste management [12].…”

Section: ) Metric Tons Of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (Mtco2e) B) Metrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of CO2 Emission and Energy Reduction on Solid Waste in Jeram Landfill Using Warm Analysis

Hassan¹,

Kasmuri²,

Basri³

2019

IJIE

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Today, the increasing of solid waste generation became the major issue in Malaysia due to high population growth. The greenhouse emission and high energy consumption resulted from improper management of solid waste have caused a significant effect on the inhabitants and the environment. Hence, it is necessary to develop an integrated solid waste management plan to combat this problem. The challenges are to educate the communities in managing their own waste in a good manner. Recycling awareness among society should also be emphasized to ensure that waste generated can be properly managed. This paper focused on the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and energy consumption of municipal solid waste management. The aim of this research is to estimate the income generated from recycling activities from the municipal authority in Shah Alam and Klang district in Selangor. The analysis was done using waste reduction model (WARM) created by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), United States. The results indicated that the GHG emission that can be reduced by the Klang authority was 3,024.20 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2E) compared to 2,577.80 MTCO2E for Shah Alam authority. The same result has been obtained for the energy emission which indicated the highest saving was 824.90 metric tons of coal equivalents (MTCE) by the Klang authority. However, the Shah Alam authority can only save the amount of 702.80 MTCE. The total incremental of energy used generated by WARM showed that Klang authority can save 23,290.20 million British thermal unit (MBTU) compared to Shah Alam authority of 19,862.80 MBTU. The percentage difference between the Klang authority and the Shah Alam authority in the GHG and energy emission reduction was approximately 14.80%. The total income from recyclable materials for Klang and Shah Alam authority was obtained as RM 918, 638.16. The estimation of GHG emission from both Klang and Shah Alam authority was depending on the solid waste generated and disposal method. In terms of GHG emission, waste separation includes recycling activities could reduce the GHG emission, less air pollution and more environmentally friendly.

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste Management—Assessment of Quantification Methods

Cited by 62 publications

References 19 publications

Considerations for reducing food system energy demand while scaling up urban agriculture

Considerations for reducing food system energy demand while scaling up urban agriculture

Evaluation and application of site-specific data to revise the first-order decay model for estimating landfill gas generation and emissions at Danish landfills

Assessment of CO2 Emission and Energy Reduction on Solid Waste in Jeram Landfill Using Warm Analysis

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