Greenhouse Gas Fluxes of Agricultural Soils in Finland

Regina, Kristiina; Heikkinen, Jaakko; Maljanen, Marja

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3272-2_2

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Emissions from peatlands drained for forestry and used for agriculture are important GHG emission sources and have received attention in national GHG mitigation plans (Ojanen et al 2010 ; Finnish Climate Change Panel 2021 ). Cultivated organic soils are a major source of agricultural GHG emissions although they cover only 10% of the field area in Finland (Regina et al 2019 ). Similarly, the total CO 2 , N 2 O and CH 4 emission from forestry drained peatland in 2020 were 7.5 TgCO 2 eq a −1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the regional potential for reaching carbon neutrality in Finland: Sustainable forestry, energy use and biodiversity protection

Forsius

Holmberg

Junttila

et al. 2023

Ambio

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The EU aims at reaching carbon neutrality by 2050 and Finland by 2035. We integrated results of three spatially distributed model systems (FRES, PREBAS, Zonation) to evaluate the potential to reach this goal at both national and regional scale in Finland, by simultaneously considering protection targets of the EU biodiversity (BD) strategy. Modelling of both anthropogenic emissions and forestry measures were carried out, and forested areas important for BD protection were identified based on spatial prioritization. We used scenarios until 2050 based on mitigation measures of the national climate and energy strategy, forestry policies and predicted climate change, and evaluated how implementation of these scenarios would affect greenhouse gas fluxes, carbon storages, and the possibility to reach the carbon neutrality target. Potential new forested areas for BD protection according to the EU 10% protection target provided a significant carbon storage (426–452 TgC) and sequestration potential (− 12 to − 17.5 TgCO2eq a−1) by 2050, indicating complementarity of emission mitigation and conservation measures. The results of the study can be utilized for integrating climate and BD policies, accounting of ecosystem services for climate regulation, and delimitation of areas for conservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the regional potential for reaching carbon neutrality in Finland: Sustainable forestry, energy use and biodiversity protection

Forsius

Holmberg

Junttila

et al. 2023

Ambio

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“…This reflects the uneven distribution of population, industrial activities, peat areas, and land use management. Similarly, the regional distribution of high emission sources from arable land on organic soils is very uneven, with highest proportion in western and northern regions (Regina et al 2019 ). The updated national climate law has ambitious goals for GHG emission reductions and increasing the net sink of the LULUCF sector.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forestry is the dominant land cover on the mainland, with up to over 80% of land area covered by forest land in eastern regions, and high fractions of peat soils in northwestern forests (Niinistö et al 2021 ). The most important agricultural areas are in the southern and western regions (Regina et al 2019 ). In 2019, Finland’s GDP was EUR 251 367 million, or EUR 45 360 per capita.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peatlands have been drained to increase forest production and currently 4.8 Mha or more than half of Finland’s peatlands are drained (Niinistö et al 2021 ), acting as sources or sinks of GHGs, depending on their fertility, vegetation cover and hydrology (Ojanen et al 2010 , 2013 ). Cultivated organic soils are a major source of agricultural GHG emissions although they cover only 10% of the field area in Finland (Regina et al 2019 ) and offer a considerable mitigation potential (Kekkonen et al 2019 ). Changes in soil organic carbon in organic forest and agricultural soils caused the largest emissions in the LULUCF sector in Finland in 2019 (10.5 Tg CO 2 eq yr −1 ) (Statistics Finland 2022a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of land cover in Finland’s greenhouse gas emissions

Holmberg,

Junttila,

Schulz

et al. 2023

Ambio

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We present regionally aggregated emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from five land cover categories in Finland: artificial surfaces, arable land, forest, waterbodies, and wetlands. Carbon (C) sequestration to managed forests and unmanaged wetlands was also assessed. Models FRES and ALas were applied for emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) from artificial surfaces and agriculture, and PREBAS for forest growth and C balance. Empirical emission coefficients were used to estimate emissions from drained forested peatland (CH4, N2O), cropland (CO2), waterbodies (CH4, CO2), peat production sites and undrained mires (CH4, CO2, N2O). We calculated gross emissions of 147.2 ± 6.8 TgCO2eq yr−1 for 18 administrative units covering mainland Finland, using data representative of the period 2017–2025. Emissions from energy production, industrial processes, road traffic and other sources in artificial surfaces amounted to 45.7 ± 2.0 TgCO2eq yr−1. The loss of C in forest harvesting was the largest emission source in the LULUCF sector, in total 59.8 ± 3.3 TgCO2eq yr−1. Emissions from domestic livestock production, field cultivation and organic soils added up to 12.2 ± 3.5 TgCO2eq yr−1 from arable land. Rivers and lakes (13.4 ± 1.9 TgCO2eq yr−1) as well as undrained mires and peat production sites (14.7 ± 1.8 TgCO2eq yr−1) increased the total GHG fluxes. The C sequestration from the atmosphere was 93.2 ± 13.7 TgCO2eq yr−1. with the main sink in forest on mineral soil (79.9 ± 12.2 TgCO2eq yr−1). All sinks compensated 63% of total emissions and thus the net emissions were 53.9 ± 15.3 TgCO2eq yr−1, or a net GHG flux per capita of 9.8 MgCO2eq yr−1.

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“…The concentration of greenhouse gases has a close relationship to carbon and nitrogen cycles of the ecosystems, the three (CO 2 , CH greenhouse gas fluxes have become a significant cause of global climate change [16,17]. The fertilization rate, annual and perennial crops, cultivated mineral soils, soil moisture, temperature, and tillage affect nitrous oxide emission rate [18]. The N sources are automobile exhaust fumes, the release of nitrous oxide gas from the soil through the denitrification process, particularly in rice paddies, wetlands, and heavily fertilized or manured agricultural soil.…”

Section: Denitrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Losing Nitrogen Fertilizers on Living Organism and Ecosystem, and Prevention Approaches of their Harmful Effect

Hashimi

2020

ASRJ

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The world’s population is drastically increasing; therefore, an enormous amount of nitrogen and other fertilizers are used to produce enough food for their feeding. Furthermore, since the applied nitrogen amount is not completely absorbed by plants, its big proportion is released to the environment in different ways. The released nitrogen amount damages both humans’ health and the environment. Some technical and agronomical techniques help to minimize the loss of this nitrogen. The fertilizer's loss not only affects farmers' economic condition, but their effects are integrated. Nitrogen fertilizers pollute water, soil, air, as well as our foods. Leaching nitrate can cause eutrophication in sea, lakes, and water bodies. This condition poses a big threat to the lives of fish and other aquatic organisms. It also causes various diseases in humans such as blue baby syndrome, carcinoma, and others. For instance, Nitrate-N (NO3-N) leads to the blue baby syndrome, carcinoma, and other diseases in humans. NO3-N leaching stimulates the growth of blue-green algae and creates hypoxic zones in the water. Moreover, cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect the liver`, kidney, brain, skin, and other parts of the human body, as well as cause complicated diseases. Ammonia and nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rains and have adverse effects on ecosystems. Nitrous oxides (N₂O) deplete the ozone layer, a layer that prevents harmful rays from reaching the earth. N₂O contributes extremely to global warming due to its potentiality. Although Nitrogen fertilizers have contributed to produce high yields in the world, their excessive application has created different problems in our environment. To reduce nitrogen leaching, some agronomical, technical, and other practices are required to be used in the large and small farming system.

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Greenhouse Gas Fluxes of Agricultural Soils in Finland

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

Modelling the regional potential for reaching carbon neutrality in Finland: Sustainable forestry, energy use and biodiversity protection

Modelling the regional potential for reaching carbon neutrality in Finland: Sustainable forestry, energy use and biodiversity protection

Role of land cover in Finland’s greenhouse gas emissions

Effect of Losing Nitrogen Fertilizers on Living Organism and Ecosystem, and Prevention Approaches of their Harmful Effect

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