1970
DOI: 10.1002/ange.19700821436
|View full text |Cite
|
Sign up to set email alerts
|

Grenzen in der Anwendung der Gelchromatographie

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...
3
1
1

Citation Types

3
129
0
12

Year Published

2003
2003
2023
2023

Publication Types

Select...
7
1

Relationship

0
8

Authors

Journals

citations
Cited by 82 publications
(144 citation statements)
references
References 0 publications
3
129
0
12
Order By: Relevance
“…Singer et al, 26 for example, employed basin-hopping Monte Carlo simulations, examined the topology of H + (H 2 O) 8 as a function of temperature, and concluded that the tree-like topology with chains of H 2 O molecules emanating from a H 3 O + core is favored by Gibbs free energies at room temperature. The conclusion is in accord with the spectroscopic observations of Jiang et al 18 for H + (H 2 O) [5][6][7][8] produced in a molecular beam. However, in the beam experiment, the workable cluster temperature range is very limited, only about 140-200 K, disallowing a test of the simulations.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 91%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Singer et al, 26 for example, employed basin-hopping Monte Carlo simulations, examined the topology of H + (H 2 O) 8 as a function of temperature, and concluded that the tree-like topology with chains of H 2 O molecules emanating from a H 3 O + core is favored by Gibbs free energies at room temperature. The conclusion is in accord with the spectroscopic observations of Jiang et al 18 for H + (H 2 O) [5][6][7][8] produced in a molecular beam. However, in the beam experiment, the workable cluster temperature range is very limited, only about 140-200 K, disallowing a test of the simulations.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Several techniques have thus been developed for the reason of temperature control, mainly to lower the temperature of the intentionally isolated ions, such as adiabatic expansion, 3 evaporative cooling, 4 sympathetic cooling, 5 laser cooling, 6 and cooling by collisions with cold buffer gas. 7 The collisional cooling method, as to be discussed in this report, is one of the most universal ways for the temperature control (particularly for the internal degrees of freedom) of gasphase ions. In a storage cell, the buffer gas fills more or less the entire region at a well defined temperature and pressure, producing a thermal "bath".…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Multipole radiofrequency ion traps [1], in particular the 22-pole ion trap [2], are versatile devices used in laser spectroscopy [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10] and investigations of chemical reaction processes [2,11,12,13] of atomic and molecular ions. High order multipole traps offer a large field free region in the trap center, and therefore provide a reduced interaction time of the ions with the oscillating electric field compared to a quadrupole trap [14].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…V RF,0 and Ω RF denote the RF amplitude and frequency, respectively. The classical equations of motion of a single ion in the time-dependent electric field of the trap assume the form of Mathieu equations [17,21,22] (2) with u ∈ {x, y, z} and τ = (1/2)Ω RF t. The conditions for stable confinement of the ion depend on the values of the Mathieu parameters a u and q u which in turn depend on the RF and DC voltages applied to the trap electrodes, the RF frequency Ω RF , the charge and mass of the ion and the geometry of the trap. [17,22] Laser cooling is performed by slowing down trapped atomic ions through momentum transfer from the repeated absorption of photons delivered by a laser beam.…”
Section: Ion Trapping and Coolingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ions in RF traps generally exhibit two types of motions which, under the conditions used in laser-cooling experiments, can be adiabatically separated: [21] a slow thermal ('secular') motion superimposed by a fast, oscillating 'micromotion' which is incited by the time-varying electric fields. During laser cooling only the secular motion of the ions is damped.…”
Section: Properties Of Translationally Cold Ions In Ion Trapsmentioning
confidence: 99%