Gridlock and beltways: the genetic context of urban invasions

Reed, E. M. X.; Serr, Megan; Maurer, Andrew S.; Reiskind, Martha O Burford

doi:10.1007/s00442-020-04614-y

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Urban areas are focal points of introduction for alien biota due to global trade and transportation (Padayachee et al 2017;Bullock et al 2018;Gippet et al 2019;Rivkin et al 2019), and they show distinct habitat characteristics that make cities more similar to each other than when comparing each city to its surrounding less-disturbed environment (McKinney 2006;Grimm et al 2008). Those habitat characteristics (e.g., reduced native biodiversity and predator species richness, higher rates of impervious surface area, and the urban heat-island effect; McKinney 2006; Grimm et al 2008;Ramamurthy and Bou-Zeid 2017) can also facilitate, if not promote, the establishment of invasive populations (McKinney 2008;Santangelo et al 2018;Des Roches et al 2020;Reed et al 2020). Thus, if an alien population has established in one city, there may be an increased likelihood that propagules from that population could disperse to other cities where they encounter similar environmental conditions due to the homogenisation of urban landscapes, making their establishment and spread more likely (McKinney 2006;Rivkin et al 2019;Reed et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those habitat characteristics (e.g., reduced native biodiversity and predator species richness, higher rates of impervious surface area, and the urban heat-island effect; McKinney 2006; Grimm et al 2008;Ramamurthy and Bou-Zeid 2017) can also facilitate, if not promote, the establishment of invasive populations (McKinney 2008;Santangelo et al 2018;Des Roches et al 2020;Reed et al 2020). Thus, if an alien population has established in one city, there may be an increased likelihood that propagules from that population could disperse to other cities where they encounter similar environmental conditions due to the homogenisation of urban landscapes, making their establishment and spread more likely (McKinney 2006;Rivkin et al 2019;Reed et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Growing up in a new world: trait divergence between rural, urban, and invasive populations of an amphibian urban invader

Mühlenhaupt¹,

Baxter‐Gilbert²,

Makhubo³

et al. 2021

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Cities are focal points of introduction for invasive species. Urban evolution might facilitate the success of invasive species in recipient urban habitats. Here we test this hypothesis by rearing tadpoles of a successful amphibian urban coloniser and invader in a common garden environment. We compared growth rate, morphological traits, swimming performance, and developmental rate of guttural toad tadpoles (Sclerophrys gutturalis) from native rural, native urban, and non-native urban habitats. By measuring these traits across ontogeny, we were also able to compare divergence across different origins as the tadpoles develop. The tadpoles of non-native urban origin showed significantly slower developmental rate (e.g., the proportion of tadpoles reaching Gosner stage 31 or higher was lower at age 40 days) than tadpoles of native urban origin. Yet, tadpoles did not differ in growth rate or any morphological or performance trait examined, and none of these traits showed divergent ontogenetic changes between tadpoles of different origin. These findings suggest that prior adaptation to urban habitats in larval traits likely does not play an important role in facilitating the invasion success of guttural toads into other urban habitats. Instead, we suggest that evolutionary changes in larval traits after colonization (e.g., developmental rate), together with decoupling of other traits and phenotypic plasticity might explain how this species succeeded in colonising extra-limital urban habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing up in a new world: trait divergence between rural, urban, and invasive populations of an amphibian urban invader

Mühlenhaupt¹,

Baxter‐Gilbert²,

Makhubo³

et al. 2021

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“…Invasion scientists work within a paradigm focussed on native ecosystems, and while a large body of research on invasions applies to natural areas, not all IAS affect natural ecosystems, and urban areas are particularly vulnerable to the establishment of IASs (Cadotte et al 2017;Paap et al 2017a;. In addition to aiding the introduction and establishment of IASs, urban areas may also act as bridge-heads from which invasive species may spread out of cities (Paap et al 2017a;Reed et al 2020;Potgieter and Cadotte 2020). It can be argued that until the 1980s, biological invasions by plants and animals were considered as confined to anthropogenically disturbed areas.…”

Section: Outdated Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonising the fields of invasion science and forest pathology

Paap¹,

Wingfield²,

Burgess³

et al. 2020

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Invasive alien species are widely recognised as significant drivers of global environmental change, with far reaching ecological and socio-economic impacts. The trend of continuous increases in first records, with no apparent sign of saturation, is consistent across all taxonomic groups. However, taxonomic biases exist in the extent to which invasion processes have been studied. Invasive forest pathogens have caused, and they continue to result in dramatic damage to natural forests and woody ecosystems, yet their impacts are substantially underrepresented in the invasion science literature. Conversely, most studies of forest pathogens have been undertaken in the absence of a connection to the frameworks developed and used to study biological invasions. We believe this is, in part, a consequence of the mechanistic approach of the discipline of forest pathology; one that has been inherited from the broader discipline of plant pathology. Rather than investigating the origins of, and the processes driving the arrival of invasive microorganisms, the focus of pathologists is generally to investigate specific interactions between hosts and pathogens, with an emphasis on controlling the resulting disease problems. In contrast, central to the field of invasion science, which finds its roots in ecology, is the development and testing of general concepts and frameworks. The lack of knowledge of microbial biodiversity and ecology, speciation and geographic origin present challenges in understanding invasive forest pathogens under existing frameworks, and there is a need to address this shortfall. Advances in molecular technologies such as gene and genome sequencing and metagenomics studies have increased the “visibility” of microorganisms. We consider whether these technologies are being adequately applied to address the gaps between forest pathology and invasion science. We also interrogate the extent to which the two fields stand to gain by becoming more closely linked.

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“…Globally, urban areas are undergoing rapid expansion and are increasing in density (Homer et al 2020), promoting the establishment and spread of urbanadapted invasive species (Francis and Chadwick 2015; Reed et al 2020). Within these anthropogenic environments, a myriad of selection pressures are exerted on resident populations, often resulting in the rapid evolution of phenotypes and genotypes (Johnson and Munchi-South 2017; Beans 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decade Long Upsurge In Target Site Pyrethroid Resistance In Bed Bug Populations In The United States

Lewis

Levine

Schal

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Over the past three decades, the bed bug Cimex lectularius has resurged as a prominent indoor pest on a global scale. Knockdown-associated insecticide resistance (kdr) involving the voltage-gated sodium channel, targeted by organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides, was first reported in C. lectularius within a few years of the widespread use of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and has been implicated as a significant factor contributing to the species recent resurgence. Since then, selection with pyrethroid insecticides has intensified, yet little is known regarding its short-term impacts on the frequency of kdr-associated mutations. Here, we report temporal changes in the frequencies of three kdr-associated mutations in C. lectularius populations collected across the United States from two time periods, sampled approximately a decade apart. Results reveal a significant increase in the frequencies of kdr-associated mutations over this period, and absence of the insecticide-susceptible genotype in recent collections. Furthermore, a significant transition towards infestations possessing multiple kdr-associated mutations was observed. These results suggest that the persistent use of pyrethroid insecticides over the past decade continues to impose strong selection pressure on C. lectularius populations, driving the proliferation of kdr-associated mutations. They demonstrate that, if unabated, strong anthropogenic selection can drive the rapid evolution of adaptive traits.

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Gridlock and beltways: the genetic context of urban invasions

Cited by 11 publications

References 157 publications

Growing up in a new world: trait divergence between rural, urban, and invasive populations of an amphibian urban invader

Growing up in a new world: trait divergence between rural, urban, and invasive populations of an amphibian urban invader

Harmonising the fields of invasion science and forest pathology

Decade Long Upsurge In Target Site Pyrethroid Resistance In Bed Bug Populations In The United States

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