Grisel syndrome as a complication of Kawasaki disease: a case report and review of the literature

Nozaki, Fumihito; Kusunoki, Takashi; Tomoda, Yoshihide; Hiejima, Ikuko; Hayashi, Akira; Kumada, Takatsune; Miyajima, Tomoko; Futami, Takahiro; Fujii, Tatsuya

doi:10.1007/s00431-012-1858-6

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…10,11 Kawasaki disease is a very frequent acute febrile vasculitis of childhood that has also been related to Grisel syndrome. 12 After the introduction of monopolar suction electrocautery in adenoidectomy, an increased incidence of Grisel syndrome has been observed when compared with bipolar coagulation for bleeding control. 13 Karkos et al conducted a systematic review of 71 articles, which included 96 patients with C1-C2 subluxation with no history of previous trauma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontraumatic Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation: Grisel Syndrome. Case Report and Literature Review

Barcelos¹,

Patriota²,

Netto³

2014

Global Spine Journal

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Study Design Case report and literature review. Objective To describe a case of nontraumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (Grisel syndrome) and to review clinical and radiologic aspects, physiopathology, and treatment of this lesion. There is no well-established protocol in the management of patients without spontaneous reduction. The authors discuss the available strategies to achieve reduction and when to operate on these patients. Methods Case presentation of a 7-year-old patient who presented with torticollis ∼1 week after the onset of an upper airway infection. There was no history of head or neck trauma. Computed tomography demonstrated atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation and a normal atlantodental interval. Results The patient was treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics and by progressively increasing the soft cervical collar height. Clinical reduction of the subluxation occurred after 48 hours. He wore the rigid collar for 6 weeks. At that moment, the patient was completely asymptomatic and follow-up cervical spine radiograph demonstrated an anatomical C1–C2 relation. The patient was instructed to return to daily life activities in a gradual manner. Conclusions Grisel syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of torticollis, especially in children. The management can be planned according to the classification of Fielding and Hawkins. The initial treatment involves medicines, injury reduction, and cervical spine immobilization. Surgical treatment is indicated only in cases of failure of conservative treatment, recurrences of subluxation, and irreducible subluxations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontraumatic Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation: Grisel Syndrome. Case Report and Literature Review

Barcelos¹,

Patriota²,

Netto³

2014

Global Spine Journal

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“…8 The syndrome can be caused by various infectious agents, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacteroides ureolyticus, 9 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, the Epstein-Barr virus, and Kawasaki disease. 11,12 In our case study, it was concluded that Grisel's syndrome developed secondary to the patient's recent upper respiratory tract viral infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Grisel`s syndrome presenting with neck pain: an atypical case

et al. 2020

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Grisel's syndrome is non-traumatic inflammatory subluxation of the atlantoaxial joints presenting clinically as torticollis, neck pain, and reduced neck mobility. Several pathogens have been implicated in its etiology. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for Grisel's syndrome to avoid serious neurological complications. This study reports the case of a 6-year-old girl who complained of pain and curvature of the neck following an upper respiratory tract influenza infection. Notably, the patient's neck pain and curvature worsened toward the end of her normal day for a week. This pattern is rare, but it represents an important example of Grisel's syndrome as a condition that varies through the day.

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“…Non‐traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation, known as Grisel syndrome, is an uncommon complication of upper neck inflammation and head and neck surgery 2 . The first report of KD associated with cervical subluxation, in a patient from Japan, was published recently 3 . The Japanese case was published after our search of Medline, EMBASE and PubMed with the search strategy Kawasaki disease AND subluxation in March 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the subluxation is longstanding, surgical fusion may be required. If left untreated, sequelae can range from mild paraesthesias to quadriplegia to acute respiratory failure 3 . However, when promptly and effectively treated, the prognosis is excellent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kawasaki disease complicated by subluxation of cervical vertebrae (Grisel syndrome)

Wood

Singh‐Grewal

et al. 2013

Medical Journal of Australia

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Grisel syndrome as a complication of Kawasaki disease: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract: Pediatricians should be aware of Grisel syndrome as a possible complication of Kawasaki disease.

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Nontraumatic Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation: Grisel Syndrome. Case Report and Literature Review

Nontraumatic Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation: Grisel Syndrome. Case Report and Literature Review

Grisel`s syndrome presenting with neck pain: an atypical case

Kawasaki disease complicated by subluxation of cervical vertebrae (Grisel syndrome)

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