Gross Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System

Gardner, Ernest; Bunge, Richard P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7216-9491-7.50005-3

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It can be divided into the autonomic (ANS) and somatic systems, which is normally named the PNS. It includes the cranial nerves, the spinal nerves with their roots and rami, and the peripheral components of the autonomic nervous system [8]. The PNS, unlike the CNS, is not protected by the haematoencephalic barrier and this makes it more vulnerable to the toxic effects of drugs [9].…”

Section: Anatomy and Physiology Of The Peripheral Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: clinical features, diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies

et al. 2010

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Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIN) is a common toxicity of anticancer treatment and its incidence is growing. It significantly affects quality of life and is a dose-limiting factor that interferes with treatment. Its diagnosis can be established in clinical terms but some complementary tests can help when the diagnosis is difficult. There is still no proven method to prevent it that has become a standard of care in spite of the huge amount of investigation carried out in recent years. There are promising strategies that could help reduce the burden of this complication. This review will suggest an approach to the diagnosis of these disorders and provide an update on new therapies.

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Section: Anatomy and Physiology Of The Peripheral Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: clinical features, diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies

et al. 2010

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“…Along the sympathetic pathway, only preganglionic sympathetic fibers are myelinated. 33 Preganglionic sympathetic fibers originate from the spinal cord in the Clarke column and project to peripheral sympathetic ganglia. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers originate from neurons located in the brainstem or sacral spinal cord and have a long course before the synapsis in the parasympathetic ganglia sited close to their target organs.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis We Used Student T Test For Unpaired Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Small nerve fiber involvement in CMT1A

et al. 2015

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Objective: To assess the involvement of small nerve fibers in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A (CMT1A). Methods:We used indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy on punch biopsies from glabrous (fingertip) and hairy (thigh and leg) skin of 20 unrelated patients with CMT1A to quantify somatic and autonomic nerve fibers. In particular, we quantified epidermal nerve fibers (ENF), Meissner corpuscles (MC), intrapapillary myelinated endings (IME), and sudomotor nerves. We correlated morphologic data with findings from quantitative sensory testing, sudomotor output, sympathetic skin response, and cardiovascular reflexes. A control population of healthy ageand sex-matched controls was included with a matching ratio of 1:2.Results: We found a length-dependent loss of ENFs that worsened with aging. We also observed a loss of MCs, IMEs, and sudomotor nerves. The loss of ENF at distal leg correlated with the increase in heat-pain thresholds (p , 0.05) and with tactile thresholds (p , 0.05). Sudomotor nerve fiber loss correlated with ENF density (p , 0.05) and sweating output (p , 0.001). Conclusions:We demonstrated through morphologic, physical, and psychophysical testing that small somatic and autonomic fibers are abnormal and cause symptoms in patients with CMT1A. Awareness of such symptoms by the clinician could lead to better treatment. Neurology ® 2015;84:407-414 GLOSSARY ANS 5 autonomic nervous system; CGRP 5 calcitonin gene-related peptide; CMT 5 Charcot-Marie-Tooth; CMT1A 5 Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A; CMTNS 5 Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy score; Col IV 5 collagen IV; CVR 5 cardiovascular reflexes; DST 5 dynamic sweat test; ENF 5 epidermal nerve fibers; IME 5 intrapapillary myelinated endings; LEP 5 laser-evoked potentials; MC 5 Meissner corpuscles; PGP 5 protein gene product; PMP22 5 peripheral myelin protein 22 kD; QST 5 quantitative sensory testing; SFN-SIQ 5 Small Fiber Neuropathy Symptoms Inventory Questionnaire; SSR 5 sympathetic skin response; SubP 5 substance P; VIP 5 vasoactive intestinal peptide.Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) diseases are a heterogeneous group of inherited motor and sensory neuropathies with a general prevalence of 1:2,500.

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“…1). After all, the biceps muscle is innervated by both C5 and C6 (17,42). Likewise, recovery of wrist extension was not exclusively attributed to end-to-side repair of C7 when C8 was uninjured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%