Ground-based thermal imaging of lava lakes at Erebus volcano, Antarctica

Calkins, Julie; Oppenheimer, Clive; Kyle, Philip R.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.02.002

Cited by 61 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…By the 2005 field season, only the "Ray" lake remained (Davies et al, 2008), and no additional lakes have since been observed. All data presented here are from the "Ray" lake, and henceforth, we refer to it simply as the lava lake.…”

Section: Summary Of Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal persistence of cycles in lava lake motion at Erebus volcano, Antarctica

Peters

Kyle

Kingsbury

2014

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Studies of Erebus volcano's active lava lake have shown that many of its observable properties (gas composition, surface motion and radiant heat output) exhibit cyclic behaviour with a period of ∼10 min.We investigate the multi-year progression of the cycles in surface motion of the lake using an extended (but intermittent) dataset of thermal infrared images collected by the Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory between 2004 and 2011. Cycles with a period of ∼5-18 min are found to be a persistent feature of the lake's behaviour and no obvious long-term change is observed despite variations in lake level and surface area. The times at which gas bubbles arrive at the lake's surface are found to be random with respect to the phase of the motion cycles, suggesting that the remarkable behaviour of the lake is governed by magma exchange rather than an intermittent flux of gases from the underlying magma reservoir.

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Section: Summary Of Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal persistence of cycles in lava lake motion at Erebus volcano, Antarctica

Peters

Kyle

Kingsbury

2014

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…Magma that forms the crust of the lava lake is quickly cooled from ~1000°C to 500 -600°C (Calkins et al, 2007) before it is recycled back into the magma conduit and assimilated back into the melt. However these large T changes are not reflected in titanomagnetite compositions, which are constant.…”

Section: Cooling-induced Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beneath the relatively thin crust (~1 m), magma cools little and is ~950 -1000°C (Calkins et al, 2007). Therefore, if cooling drives crystallization it would most likely occur as the cold degassed slab sinks into the conduit and is reheated.…”

Section: Cooling-induced Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and mineralogy of the phonolite lava lake, Erebus volcano, Antarctica: 1972–2004 and comparison with older lavas

Kelly

Kyle

Dunbar

et al. 2008

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

109

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Eleven bulk samples of phonolite lava from the summit plateau that range in age from 0 ± 4 ka to 17 ± 8 ka were analyzed for major and trace elements. Small compositional variations are controlled by anorthoclase content. The lavas are indistinguishable from modern bulk lava bomb compositions and demonstrate that Erebus volcano has been erupting lava and tephra from the summit region with the same bulk composition for ~17 ka.1

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“…This is because the maximum reported area of bubble burst (i.e. 60 m 2 ; Calkins et al, 2008) would occupy 8.6% of the smallest modeled lake size.…”

Section: Scatter In Maximum δT At Erebusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring volcanic thermal anomalies from space: Size matters

Murphy¹,

Filho²,

Oppenheimer³

2011

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Measuring temperatures on volcanoes from space provides important constraints on the transfer of mass and heat to the Earth's surface. Time series of multispectral infrared images, acquired by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) between 2000 and 2009, were inspected to investigate fluctuations in thermal anomalies at both Mount Erebus (Antarctica) and Láscar volcano (Chile). Several thermal metrics were explored: i) maximum pixel temperatures above background, ii) the spatial extent of low, moderate and high temperature anomalies, and iii) the spatial extent of shortwave infrared anomalies. The maximum pixel temperature metric correlated to eruptive events at Láscar volcano yet displayed significant scatter at Erebus. The spatial extent of both temperature and short-wave infrared anomalies correlates well with eruptive activity at both volcanoes.Limited variation in the size of thermal anomalies was observed at Erebus throughout the time series due to the stability of a long-lived lava lake, with the exception of a seasonal expansion in low temperature anomalies associated with localized snow-melt at the peak. This finding has implications for the interpretation of low temperature anomalies at other volcanoes. At least two different types of precursory signals are identified at Láscar: i) a gradual increase and ii) a dip, in the size and intensity of thermal anomalies. These thermal precursors appear to be associated with different eruptive styles. The former precedes a relatively shallow, short lived eruption; the later a prolonged eruptive period. Such thermal precursors could therefore help to constrain not only the timing but also the style and duration of an imminent eruptive episode.

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Ground-based thermal imaging of lava lakes at Erebus volcano, Antarctica

Cited by 61 publications

References 37 publications

Decadal persistence of cycles in lava lake motion at Erebus volcano, Antarctica

Decadal persistence of cycles in lava lake motion at Erebus volcano, Antarctica

Geochemistry and mineralogy of the phonolite lava lake, Erebus volcano, Antarctica: 1972–2004 and comparison with older lavas

Monitoring volcanic thermal anomalies from space: Size matters

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