Groundwater Nitrate Pollution Due to Excessive Use of N-Fertilizers in Rural Areas of Bangladesh: Pollution Status, Health Risk, Source Contribution, and Future Impacts

Alam, Shamsul; Li, Peiyue; Fida, Misbah

doi:10.1007/s12403-023-00545-0

Cited by 33 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Excessive usage of chemical fertilizers, irrigation, and precipitation together wash away the agrochemical materials, including nitrate, and can infiltrate the groundwater table, especially in the monsoon, without any transformation or retardation [46,47]. A literature-based study on nitrate sources in different districts' groundwater in Bangladesh stated agricultural input in the form of nitrogen fertilizer and manure contributed the most followed by pit latrines [48]. All of these findings were found to be quite similar to the literature studies from the perspective of Bangladesh.…”

Section: Drivers That Affect the Variability Of Nitrate In Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate Pollution in the Groundwater of Bangladesh: An Emerging Threat

et al. 2023

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Access to safe potable water is one of the most significant challenges in an environmentally vulnerable country like Bangladesh. The presence of high concentrations of nitrate in groundwater can deteriorate its quality and pose serious health threats. A review was conducted to evaluate the current status of overall nitrate concentrations in different districts (35 out of 64 districts) of Bangladesh based on available published data. Human Health Risk Analysis (HHRA) and nitrate pollution index (NPI) were calculated to illustrate the level of chronic risk and degree of pollution among the population of the studied districts. The HHRA model predicted that the adult population of 48.57% districts and the child population of 56.25% districts were found to be facing potential health risks associated with elevated nitrate consumption. The NPI results revealed that at least 45.72% of the studied districts were characterized by light to very significant nitrate pollution loads. It can be concluded that the outcomes of this systematic study would draw the attention of policymakers and the population of all districts and enable them to take effective measures in preserve groundwater resources in Bangladesh and prevent long-term, complex diseases.

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Section: Drivers That Affect the Variability Of Nitrate In Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate Pollution in the Groundwater of Bangladesh: An Emerging Threat

et al. 2023

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“…As per the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a nitrate concentration greater than 10 mg/L is considered harmful to humans. Nitrate is easily soluble in water and forms N-nitroso, which causes cancer in human being and quickly enters through drinking water [115,116]. An excess nitrate concentration will result in blue baby syndrome in newborn babies and gastrointestinal cancer in adults and children [117].…”

Section: Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Status, Effects, Prevention, and Remediation of Groundwater Contamination for Sustainable Environment

Ravindiran,

Rajamanickam,

Sivarethinamohan

et al. 2023

Water

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Most water systems that support ecosystems and feed humans are depleted or stressed. Aquifer characteristics, topography, subsurface activities, climate, and geochemical processes regulate groundwater availability, a reliable source of fresh water. Globally, agriculture, industries, and the domestic sector are the three major sectors that consume vast quantities of freshwater resources. Further anthropogenic activities, such as soil leaching, acid rain, fertilizer, pesticides, mining, and other industrial activities, resulted in the release of organic and inorganic pollutants that affected global water resources. In India, groundwater is used in huge quantities, resulting in groundwater depletion of 1 to 2 m a year. Low-income countries face many issues related to water pollution, and the availability of safe water is minimal. In 2019, deaths due to unsafe sanitation accounted for 2.2% of the total global deaths, amounting to 1.2 million people’s deaths. India recorded 6.6% of deaths due to unsafe sanitation in 2019. India and China accounted for around 90.41% and 60.4% of the groundwater utilization for agricultural purposes, respectively. In 2020, China and India utilized vast quantities of nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) for crop growth to enhance crop yield, resulting in the highest nitrate and phosphate concentrations in groundwater. Remediating contaminants from different sources requires knowledge of their concentration, behavior, cycling, and degradation pathways. According to safety guidelines, limiting and optimizing crop organic and inorganic fertilizer, pesticide waste disposal, and empty container disposal can reduce groundwater contamination. The present study summarized groundwater utilization in various sectors, potential sources of groundwater contamination impacts on human health and the environment, preventive measures, and mitigation methods to overcome groundwater pollution.

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“…Anthropogenic factors such as the improper disposal of pharmaceuticals, metabolic excretion, industrial use, and municipal sewage have contributed to this decline [15]. Numerous research has been undertaken globally to investigate groundwater quality and related health hazards since drinking contaminated water can have serious negative effects on human health [16][17][18][19][20]. These studies have linked contaminants found in groundwater to various health issues, including but not limited to obesity, diabetes, cancer, endocrine disruption, cardiovascular, developmental problems, and reproductive issues [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risks due to Exposure to Water Pollution: A Review

Babuji,

Thirumalaisamy,

Duraisamy

et al. 2023

Water

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Water resources are crucial in developing any area as they serve as a major source of potable, agricultural, and industrial water. Water contamination, caused by natural and anthropogenic activities, poses a significant threat to public health globally. This review synthesizes data from various studies published in national and international journals, as well as reports from governmental and non-governmental organizations. Our primary objective is to understand and review previous research on water pollution, contamination types, and the effects of water contamination on public health. Water pollution studies generally involve a scientific understanding of the biological, chemical, and physical processes that control the movement of contaminants in the underground environment. The nature and severity of health consequences vary based on several factors, including the chemical composition, duration of exposure, and concentration of pollutants. This work highlights the human health risks associated with current research topics such as anthropogenic, geogenic, microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals. A section on remedial measures and mitigation strategies is included to emphasize sustainable approaches to water conservation, replenishment, and sustainability. However, there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding the distribution, toxic effects, and human health risks associated with different sources of contamination. This review thus establishes links between multiple sources of pollution, their toxicity to human health, and approaches to health risk assessment.

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Groundwater Nitrate Pollution Due to Excessive Use of N-Fertilizers in Rural Areas of Bangladesh: Pollution Status, Health Risk, Source Contribution, and Future Impacts

Cited by 33 publications

References 84 publications

Nitrate Pollution in the Groundwater of Bangladesh: An Emerging Threat

Nitrate Pollution in the Groundwater of Bangladesh: An Emerging Threat

A Review of the Status, Effects, Prevention, and Remediation of Groundwater Contamination for Sustainable Environment

Human Health Risks due to Exposure to Water Pollution: A Review

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