Groundwater Option in Raw Water Source Selection and Related Policy Changes in Finland

Juuti, Petri; Juuti, Riikka P.; Katko, Tapio S.; Lipponen, Annukka; Luonsi, Antero O.

doi:10.1177/1087724x221100554

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Several limitations in estimating raw water needs, among others, barriers to the productivity of water treatment plants, the quantity of groundwater and surface water [31]. Likewise with uncertainties that can affect predictions of raw water demand such as global climate change, longevity of water supply infrastructure, land use and agricultural conditions, food markets, spatial developments, economic developments, future technologies, and societal values in the world [32].…”

Section: Estimated Raw Water Demand For Drinking Water Supply System ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting and Sustainability of Raw Water Supply for Indonesia’s New Capital

Said,

Hernaningsih,

Sudinda

et al. 2024

IJSDP

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Environmental load issues in Jakarta, economic contribution to GDP, Java's dominance in land conversion, economic justice, and a water supply dilemma are all factors that contribute to Jakarta's excessive density. Therefore, the Indonesian government intends to relocate the Indonesia's capital to the Penajam Paser Utara district, in the East Kalimantan Province, in 2024. One of the challenges for the new capital, known as Indonesia's new capital (IKN), is securing a sustainable raw water supply for drinking. On the other hand, the potential of existing water resources is very limited in terms of resources and supporting infrastructure. This paper investigates the forecasting and sustainability of raw water supply for Indonesia's new capital. The hydrological feasibility method, which includes calculating the estimated supply and evaluating the sustainability of IKN raw water sources, was used in this study. The result showed the estimated raw water requirements for the IKN area during the period 2023-2073. The critical point of the resulting state is that the water resources of IKN by 2023 will be secure if the infrastructure plan is properly implemented. Meanwhile, IKN will be in deficit after 2045. Therefore, integrated water resource management is an important issue for the Indonesian government to minimize the limited raw water sources for IKN's sustainability.

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Section: Estimated Raw Water Demand For Drinking Water Supply System ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting and Sustainability of Raw Water Supply for Indonesia’s New Capital

Said,

Hernaningsih,

Sudinda

et al. 2024

IJSDP

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“…In Finland approximately 65% of the drinking water originates from groundwater [17,18] which is slightly above the European Union (EU) average of 50% [19]. The groundwater used for drinking water can be from the soil or bedrock, and it can be either natural or artificial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural radioactivity of residues from groundwater treatment facilities in Finland

Kallio,

Leikoski,

Otaki

2023

J. Radiol. Prot.

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The accumulation of naturally occurring radionuclides in solid residues was investigated from groundwater treatment facilities (GTFs) in Finland. Natural radionuclides U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210 and Ra-228 were found in various precipitates, sludges and filters at concentrations exceeding the general clearance level of 1 kBq kg−1 used for solid materials in the European directive 2013/59/Euratom. The accumulation of natural radionuclides in different solid residues was observed even when the activity concentrations in the untreated groundwater were relatively low, and when there was no measurable change in the concentrations between raw and treated groundwater within analytical uncertainties. Based on mass and activity balance considerations this is thought to be due to the large volumes of treated water per year. The exposure of workers to natural radiation from solid residues in the regular use of a groundwater facility was found not to be likely to exceed 0.3 mSv a−1 if the activity concentrations are <10 kBq kg−1 for U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210 and Ra-228. The worker exposure from solid residues is therefore likely to remain below the reference level of 1 mSv a−1, and indoor radon is more of a concern for the radiation protection of workers at GTFs. However, the natural radionuclide content in the different solid residues from groundwater treatment needs to be characterised properly to be able to ensure safety in the final use of the residues with respect to the potential exposure of the public.

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“…It is one of the major sources of drinking and domestic uses 2 . Most important merits of underground water are: (i) it is usually a reliable source of water, (ii) generally, it is clean, colorless, non‐presence of suspended solids, and has the constant temperature, and (iii) owing to the absence of organic matter, underground water is very pure 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient underground water prediction using optimal deep neural network

Sureshkumar

Rajasomashekar²,

Sarala³

2022

Concurrency and Computation

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For the humanity to the whole and all the creatures of this world, the underground water is the greatest resource to rely upon that highly forms an indispensable factor toward augmented livelihood. In spite of the lack of detailed knowledge, global warming is found to profoundly influence underground water resources through changes in underground water recharge. Prediction of the underground water under a changing climate is essential to living beings. In this article, underground water prediction using optimal deep neural networks (optimal DNN) has been attempted. Initially, the features of temperature and rainfall among the input data have been selected and after which, the chosen data have been fed to the DNN to predict the underground water. In DNN, weight parameters are optimally selected with the help of fish swarm optimization (FSO). The implementation has been done on MATLAB. The simulation results found that the proposed FSO-DNN prediction approach outperforms the existing prediction approaches by 78.9% accuracy, 83% sensitivity, 88% specificity, 95.8% positive predictive values, 52.3% negative predictive values, and 95.8% F-measure.

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Groundwater Option in Raw Water Source Selection and Related Policy Changes in Finland

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Forecasting and Sustainability of Raw Water Supply for Indonesia’s New Capital

Forecasting and Sustainability of Raw Water Supply for Indonesia’s New Capital

Natural radioactivity of residues from groundwater treatment facilities in Finland

An efficient underground water prediction using optimal deep neural network

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