Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking Purpose in Raipur City, Chhattisgarh Using Water Quality Index and Geographic Information System

Abstract

An effort has been made to comprehend the groundwater quality of Raipur city for drinking purpose utilizing Water Quality Index (WQI) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. In this study thirty four groundwater samples were collected during May, 2015. Standard methods has been adopted in groundwater sampling which are prescribed by the American Public Health Association (APHA, 1995). Eight water quality parameters have been considered to ascertained water quality index viz. pH, chloride, fluoride, calcium, magnesium, alkalinity, hardness and nitrate. The Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS, 2009) has been considered to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes and for the calculation of WQI. This study reveals that 76% area is falling under excellent, very good and good category and 24% area is falling under poor, very poor and unfit category as per the WQI classification. The predicted accuracy of the obtained result is around 97.05% reflecting capability of adopted techniques. Anthropogenic activities are influencing the groundwater quality of the study area. The present study is helpful in proper planning and management of available water resource for drinking purpose.

GIS-based evaluation of groundwater geochemistry and statistical determination of the fate of contaminants in shallow aquifers from different functional areas of Agra city, India: levels and spatial distributions

“…Many authors and organizations employ the WQI to meet specic requirements and to express the condition of water. [29][30][31][32] The index reduces large datasets to a single value, facilitating the understanding of the information. The method used for the calculation of the WQI was adapted from Sharma et al 33 A total of 15 parameters (pH, turbidity, TDS, F À , Cl À , NO 3 À , SO 4 2À , HCO 3 À , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , total hardness, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) were considered to calculate the WQI.…”

Spatio-temporal variations in hydro-geochemistry of groundwater at rural, urban and industrial areas of Kanpur, India

“…Presence of chloride in groundwater derives from miscellaneous sources such as weathering and leaching of rock and soil, the intrusion of saltwater, windblown salt in rainfall, domestic and industrial effluent discharges etc. (Dhanasekarapandian et al 2016;Khan and Jharia 2017). Presence of chloride in drinking water gives salty taste and may cause burning and tissue drying of leaves in plants (Ayers and Westcot 1994;Vasanthvigar et al 2010).…”

“…Globally, about 33% of the human population use groundwater for drinking (Prasanth et al 2012;Khan and Jharia 2017). Groundwater is preferred over surface water because it tends to be less polluted by anthropogenic wastes (Belkhiri and Mouni 2012;Kumari et al 2014;Kumar et al 2015).…”

“…Hence, knowledge of hydrochemistry is the pre-requisite in order to assess the aptness of groundwater for irrigation and drinking needs. Classifying the water for specific purposes, on the basis of concentration of individual pollutant limit its suitability for other designated uses (Ravikumar et al 2011;Tiwari et al 2017;Khan and Jharia 2017). Better outcomes can be obtained only by studying the combined chemical behaviour of all the pollutants instead of individual pollutant characteristics (Belkhiri and Mouni 2012).…”

Geospatial Analysis of Groundwater Quality in Ludhiana, Punjab (India)

“…Geographical information system (GIS) is proven as a potential tool in managing dynamic systems like the groundwater systems [17,18]. Several studies have demonstrated the use of indexing concepts like water quality index (WQI) coupled with geospatial techniques in analysing the groundwater quality [19,20,21]. The primary objective of this study was to analyse the current groundwater quality of Ludhiana, Punjab (India).…”