Groundwater quality index and potential human health risk assessment of heavy metals in water: A case study of Calabar metropolis, Nigeria

Ogarekpe, Nkpa; Nnaji, Chidozie Charles; Oyebode, Oluwadare Joshua; Ekpenyong, Maurice; Ofem, O.I.; Tenebe, I.T.; Asitok, Atim

doi:10.1016/j.enmm.2023.100780

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of specific heavy metals through ingestion was determined through defined indices, namely the hazard quotient (HQ), the chronic daily intake (CDI) and the hazard index (HI). According to Ogarekpe et al [ 38 ], certain indices are calculated by applying the following equation:

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HM is the content of studied heavy metals (mg/L), and DI, EF, and EP are the average daily intake of water (2 L/day), annual exposure frequency (365 days/year) and exposure duration in the case of adults (70 years), while BW and AT are the average body weight of consumers (70 kg) and averaging time (EF × EP). HI is the hazard index, and HQ HM1…HMn represents the hazard quotient calculated for each studied heavy metal [ 38 ]. If waters are characterized by HQ and HI scores exceeding the threshold of 1.0, potential non-carcinogenic risks to metals can occur through water ingestion [ 38 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HI is the hazard index, and HQ HM1…HMn represents the hazard quotient calculated for each studied heavy metal [ 38 ]. If waters are characterized by HQ and HI scores exceeding the threshold of 1.0, potential non-carcinogenic risks to metals can occur through water ingestion [ 38 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Associated Human Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Gutai Mountains, Romania

Dippong,

Resz

2024

Toxics

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Chemical data compiled from field and laboratory studies were analysed on drinking water sources from a mountain area (Gutai Mountains) in Romania. Six physico-chemical indicators, nine anions, and twenty-one metals were determined and analysed. The results of this study showed that waters are generally rich in NH4+ and NO2−, exceeding the recommended limit of 0.5 mg NH4+/L, while some waters are rich in As, Cd, Mn and Pb, but with concentrations below the limits concerning the use of waters with drinking purposes. The applied heavy metal pollution indices (scores: 0.56–47.9) indicate that more than 50% of samples are characterized by medium pollution degrees. Based on the results obtained, it was determined that geological and human activities were influential in enriching the studied waters with the chemicals considered. Emphasizing this aspect related to pollution sources and the importance of a clean chemical status that must characterize waters used for drinking purposes, a human health risk assessment for heavy metals was implemented. The results indicated that even though the studied waters are rich in heavy metals, scores related to the risk assessment of heavy metals indicated a lack of non-carcinogenic risks for As, Mn, Cd and Cu. Nevertheless, this study and the results obtained are significant at national and international levels by offering a perspective on determining the potential pollution and associated human health risks at heavy metals in drinking water sources from a mountain area.

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…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Associated Human Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Gutai Mountains, Romania

Dippong,

Resz

2024

Toxics

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“…Among the most widely used are the enrichment factor and the contamination factor as single indices, and the degree of contamination, the pollution index, and the potential ecological risk index as multiple pollution indices. The use of indices based on metal concentrations to assess the potential risks for humans and environment is well documented [29][30][31][32][33]. However, their use in assessing the success of remediation trials is very poorly documented, with most of the studies limited to assessing the risks and identifying the phytoremediation potential of plant species [34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Indexes of Ecological Risk Associated with Trace Metals Relevant for the Characterization of Mine Tailings and Polluted Soils in the Katangese Copperbelt (DR Congo) and for Assessment of the Performance of Remediation Trials

Langunu,

Kilela Mwanasomwe,

Colinet

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study aims to contribute to the characterization of Katangese Copperbelt's mining wastes and soils polluted with trace metals, using pollution indices and direct concentration measurements. The study also evaluated the use of these indices in assessing the success of remediation projects. Analytical data from previous studies and samples collected from six types of discharge and one polluted soil were used to address the first objective. Soil and plant samples were collected at Kipushi and Penga Penga for the second objective. The results revealed very high concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn in all mine tailings and polluted soils, compared with local references. The degree of contamination (DC) values (from 72 to 5440) and potential ecological risk (RI) values (from 549 to 162 091) indicate very high-risk situations associated with polluted discharges and soils. Regarding revegetation trials, the results show lower concentrations and RIs in tree rhizospheres compared with unamended areas at both sites. However, trace metal concentrations are higher in tree rhizospheres compared with local references, and RI values are in the considerable risk range for Penga Penga (RI = 533) and very high (&gt;1500) for Kipushi. Bioconcentration factor values are below 1, indicating low accumulation in roots, wood, and leaves, and low risk of contamination of the trophic chain. In this context, it seems that the pollution indices used are unsuitable for assessing the effectiveness of phytotechnology processes based on metal stabilization. Direct plant performance measurements combined with direct measurements of metals in substrates and plants to assess transfer and efficiency are more appropriate.

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“…In general, the entry of heavy metals into the body causes harmful effects such as neurological disorders, types of cancers, nutrient deficiency, hormone imbalance, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders, damage to the liver, kidneys, and brain, and in severe cases cause death. 7 On the other hand, the accumulation property of heavy metals and their biomagnification in plants and their entry into the food chain doubles the risks caused by them. Therefore, pollution caused by heavy metals is a serious and fundamental problem that must be tried to reduce the effects of this pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic and Organic Fe Sources Increased Crude Oil Biodegradation in Soil Under Cultivation of the Canola Plant Inoculated with Piriformospora indica

Baghaie

2023

Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research

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Background: This study was done to investigate the impact of drought stress, inorganic and organic Fe sources on biodegradation of crude oil in the Cd polluted soil under cultivation of canola inoculated with Piriformospora indica. Methods: Treatments consist of soil application of pure iron from Fe sources ((Fe sulfate and Fe chelate) (0, 60 and 90 kg Fe pure/ha)), and canola plant inoculated with P. indica cultivated in the Cd (0, 15 and 20 mg Cd/kg soil)-polluted soil that was naturally polluted with crude oil under drought stress. After 70 days, the plants were harvested and the soil and shoot Cd concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). In addition, the biodegradation of crude oil was measured. Results: Using 90 kg/ha pure iron from iron chelate significantly improved the biodegradation of crude oil in the soil by 13.1 and 8.9% under normal soul moisture and drought stress, respectively. Plant inoculation with P. indica had significant effect on increasing the biodegradation of crude oil in the soil by 12.1%. Furthermore, the soil microbial respiration was also increased. The ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POX) enzyme activity was significantly increased under heavy metal toxicity. Conclusion: Using organic and inorganic Fe sources has significant effects in increasing the biodegradation of crude oil in the soil under normal soil moisture regime and drought stress. Regardless of soil moisture regime, plant inoculation with P. indica had significant effects on reducing the Cd concentration of the plant and increasing the biodegradation of crude oil in the soil, respectively.

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Groundwater quality index and potential human health risk assessment of heavy metals in water: A case study of Calabar metropolis, Nigeria

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Chemical Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Associated Human Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Gutai Mountains, Romania

Chemical Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Associated Human Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Gutai Mountains, Romania

Are Indexes of Ecological Risk Associated with Trace Metals Relevant for the Characterization of Mine Tailings and Polluted Soils in the Katangese Copperbelt (DR Congo) and for Assessment of the Performance of Remediation Trials

Inorganic and Organic Fe Sources Increased Crude Oil Biodegradation in Soil Under Cultivation of the Canola Plant Inoculated with Piriformospora indica

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