Group 14 Metal–Metal Bonds

Topological analysis of the metal-metal bond: A tutorial review

“…From the literature it appears clearly that most published works concern group 1-13 elements although group 14-15 atoms are involved in M-M bonds [14,353]. The metals of these groups offer a large variety of M-M bonding situations since they can form rings and cages with bonds of the various multiplicities allowed by the number of their valence electrons.…”

“…It opened the way of a rich chemistry of multiple M-M bonding in bimetallic complexes [8][9][10] as illustrated by the Cr-Cr distances ranging from 1.7056 Å [11] to 2.498 Å in the bulk metal and even to 2.612 Å [12]. The wealth and diversity of M-M bonding across the transition element series has no equivalent in rare-earth metals, but recent compounds involving heavy main group elements such as Sn, Pb, Sb or Bi complexes [13][14][15] challenges the long-held assumption that multiple bonds are stable only between first-row elements.…”

Synthesis of a Cyclic Co2Sn2 Cluster Using a Co– Synthon

“…Tin compounds have played a pivotal role in the chemistry of multiple bonded heavier main group species. 1 The ability of heavy p-block elements to form isolable homodinuclear multiple bonds was first demonstrated by the structural characterization of the distannene R 2 Sn = SnR 2 (R = CH{SiMe 3 } 2 ) by Lappert and co-workers in 1976. 2 Distannyne Ar′SnSnAr′ (Ar′ = C 6 H 3 -2,6(C 6 H 3 -2,6- i Pr 2 ) 2 ), one of the first heavier group 14 element alkyne analogues, was described in 2002.…”

“…Various transition metal stannyl and stannylidene complexes were reported, while stannylidyne complexes and metallostannylenes are still scarce. 1 , 7 Known examples such as A – C ( Figure 1 a) are stabilized by phosphane, cyclopentadienyl or carbonyl coligands.…”

“…Moreover, homo- and heterometallic Zintl ions, metalloid cages [SnR] n , and metalloid clusters [Sn n R m ] ( n > m ) have attracted significant attention. Various transition metal stannyl and stannylidene complexes were reported, while stannylidyne complexes and metallostannylenes are still scarce. , Known examples such as A – C (Figure a) are stabilized by phosphane, cyclopentadienyl or carbonyl coligands.…”