Group A Blood lncompatibility Due to the Development of Apparent Anti-A1 Antibodies in a Patient of Subgroup A2

Jakobowicz, Rachel; Simmons, R.T.; Carew, John P.

doi:10.1159/000455449

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In fact, published case reports confirm this diversity and only few contributions comprehensively elucidate the evidence of HTRs by an anti‐A 1 in A 2 (B) subjects. Serologically, our case is similar to Jakobowicz and colleagues who found IgM‐anti‐A 1 with increased temperature amplitude in a male with a lymphosarcoma. After transfusion of A 1 RBCs, a mild and delayed HTR was evidenced and an agglutinin titer of 64 was determined in saline at RT that reduced to 4 at 37°C.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to a warm reactive anti‐A₁

Helmich¹,

Baas²,

Ligthart

et al. 2018

Transfusion

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…To our surprise, the majority of published cases describe the absence of an anti‐A 1 in pretransfusion serum, ‐ which may be counterintuitive since this agglutinin is frequently observed in nontransfused subjects . Unlike the presence of a pretransfusion anti‐A 1 , severe immunodeficiency seems associable with HTRs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to a warm reactive anti‐A₁

Helmich¹,

Baas²,

Ligthart

et al. 2018

Transfusion

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“…It should be noted that the nature and extent of the determinants in A substance to which the rabbit reacts has never been clearly defined in comparison to human anti-A. The presence of anti-Ai in As individuals (13)(14)(15)(16)(17) also favors a qualitative difference. Our data deal predominantly with immunochemical differences between the watersoluble A1 and As glycoproteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bar-Shany et al (12) found only a small, although significant, difference between A~ and A2 saliva in absorption studies. A proportion of A2 bloods contain anti-A~ (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). M~ikelii et al (18) recently attempted to explain why anti-A~ does not agglutinate A2 cells without assuming that the A~ and A~ determinants differ.…”

Section: (Received For Publication 3 May 1971)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunochemical Studies on Blood Groups

Moreno

Lundblad

Kabat

1971

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The basis for the difference between A1 and A2 specificity has been in dispute from the moment of its discovery (1-5). An excellent review of the earlier studies may be found in the thesis of Gammelgaard, recently available in English (6). One view holds that the A~ and A~ antigenic determinants are chemically identical, differences being essentially quantitative and ascribable to the presence of many more determinants on an A1 than on an A~ erythrocyte (7-11). Based on hemagglutination-inhibition titers of salivas from A~ and As secretors, B oettcher (11) proposed that individual molecules of A substance from A1 secretors have a higher ratio of A:H antigenic determinants than those from A~ secretors. He also proposed that the A~ gene is a duplication of the As gene. Bar-Shany et al. (12) found only a small, although significant, difference between A~ and A2 saliva in absorption studies. A proportion of A2 bloods contain anti-A~ (13-17). M~ikelii et al. (18) recently attempted to explain why anti-A~ does not agglutinate A2 cells without assuming that the A~ and A~ determinants differ. Hypothesizing the receptor density to be higher on A1 than on A2 erythrocytes, Miikel~i suggests that anti-A~ antibodies have a low affinity for A receptors and cannot form firm bridges between red cells using only one valence per cell. Thus they would only agglutinate A1 cells on which the receptors are close together. A~-specific antibodies therefore would have to be multivalent and of the 7M type and bivalent antibodies such as 7G would not distinguish between AI and A2 erythrocytes.The other view contends that there is a qualitative difference between the antigenic determinants in A1 and As individuals (19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Friedenreich and Worsaae (23) suggested that A~ and A~ are qualitatively different but related antigens. Their assumption was based mainly on absorption experiments showing that anti-A serum contained at least two kinds of antibodies, anti-A and anti-A~. A1 cells reacted strongly with anti-A

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“…On the other hand, in a patient who is blood group A2, an immune response provoked by Allo-immunization has been reported rarely, with one case series of two patients demonstrating an increase in titer and thermal amplitude of the normally weak naturally-occurring anti-A1 [4]. Notably, at the time of initial presentation for transfusion, the pre-transfusion blood bank workup did not demonstrate an ABO discrepancy or the presence of an anti-A1 on reverse grouping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Clinically Significant Warm Reactive Anti-A1 in a Post Red Blood Cells Transfusion Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Alharbi,

Mahal,

Faisal

et al. 2023

CRCM

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The purpose of this article is to report that some anti-A1 that react at 37˚C are IgG antibodies and are clinically significant, as they can cause the destruction of a proportion of A1 cells in vivo following the transfusion of red blood cells. Therefore, when a serum of an individual contains anti-A1, further testing of the plasma against group A1, A2, and O by referencing red blood cells and individual cells against anti-A1 lectin (Dolichos biflorus lectin) must be performed. Confirming the specificity of anti-A1 by referencing red blood cells is also important in selecting the appropriate blood for transfusion. ABO antibodies are naturally occurring and activate the complement cascade, making them more likely to cause severe transfusion reactions compared to antibodies to other RBC antigens.

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Group A Blood lncompatibility Due to the Development of Apparent Anti-A1 Antibodies in a Patient of Subgroup A2

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to a warm reactive anti‐A₁

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to a warm reactive anti‐A₁

Immunochemical Studies on Blood Groups

Detection of Clinically Significant Warm Reactive Anti-A1 in a Post Red Blood Cells Transfusion Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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Group A Blood lncompatibility Due to the Development of Apparent Anti-A1 Antibodies in a Patient of Subgroup A2

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to a warm reactive anti‐A1

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to a warm reactive anti‐A1

Immunochemical Studies on Blood Groups

Detection of Clinically Significant Warm Reactive Anti-A1 in a Post Red Blood Cells Transfusion Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to a warm reactive anti‐A₁

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to a warm reactive anti‐A₁