Group A Streptococcus Prevents Mast Cell Degranulation to Promote Extracellular Trap Formation

Clark, Mary C.; Kim, Jessica; Etesami, Neelou; Shimamoto, Jacqueline; Whalen, Ryan V.; Martin, Gary G.; Okumura, Cheryl

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00327

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…ET formation by MCs was later described in response to other GAS strain (131), or to other extracellular bacteria. For example, by HMC-1 in contact with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (130), HMC-1 or BMMCs co-cultured with S. aureus (132), or BMMCs infected with Enterococcus faecalis (133).…”

Section: Extracellular Trapsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Responses of Mast Cells to Pathogens: Beneficial and Detrimental Roles

et al. 2021

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Mast cells (MCs) are strategically located in tissues close to the external environment, being one of the first immune cells to interact with invading pathogens. They are long living effector cells equipped with different receptors that allow microbial recognition. Once activated, MCs release numerous biologically active mediators in the site of pathogen contact, which induce vascular endothelium modification, inflammation development and extracellular matrix remodeling. Efficient and direct antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs involve phagocytosis with oxidative and non-oxidative microbial destruction, extracellular trap formation, and the release of antimicrobial substances. MCs also contribute to host defense through the attraction and activation of phagocytic and inflammatory cells, shaping the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, as part of their response to pathogens and under an impaired, sustained, or systemic activation, MCs may contribute to tissue damage. This review will focus on the current knowledge about direct and indirect contribution of MCs to pathogen clearance. Antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs are addressed with special attention to signaling pathways involved and molecular weapons implicated. The role of MCs in a dysregulated host response that can increase morbidity and mortality is also reviewed and discussed, highlighting the complexity of MCs biology in the context of host-pathogen interactions.

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Section: Extracellular Trapsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Responses of Mast Cells to Pathogens: Beneficial and Detrimental Roles

et al. 2021

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“…MCETs can also be generated during coronary atherothrombosis in patients who died from myocardial infarction [245]. However, since activated mast cell-formed MCTEs are involved in the elimination of pathogens [246,247], cardiac mast cells also might contribute to the resolution of infectious myocarditis. Additional knowledge regarding the role of MCETs during cardiovascular diseases may provide new strategies for the treatment of these disorders.…”

Section: Mast Cells In Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Needs in Mast Cell Biology

Varricchi

Paulis

Marone

et al. 2019

IJMS

101

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The pathophysiological roles of mast cells are still not fully understood, over 140 years since their description by Paul Ehrlich in 1878. Initial studies have attempted to identify distinct “subpopulations” of mast cells based on a relatively small number of biochemical characteristics. More recently, “subtypes” of mast cells have been described based on the analysis of transcriptomes of anatomically distinct mouse mast cell populations. Although mast cells can potently alter homeostasis, in certain circumstances, these cells can also contribute to the restoration of homeostasis. Both solid and hematologic tumors are associated with the accumulation of peritumoral and/or intratumoral mast cells, suggesting that these cells can help to promote and/or limit tumorigenesis. We suggest that at least two major subsets of mast cells, MC1 (meaning anti-tumorigenic) and MC2 (meaning pro-tumorigenic), and/or different mast cell mediators derived from otherwise similar cells, could play distinct or even opposite roles in tumorigenesis. Mast cells are also strategically located in the human myocardium, in atherosclerotic plaques, in close proximity to nerves and in the aortic valve. Recent studies have revealed evidence that cardiac mast cells can participate both in physiological and pathological processes in the heart. It seems likely that different subsets of mast cells, like those of cardiac macrophages, can exert distinct, even opposite, effects in different pathophysiological processes in the heart. In this chapter, we have commented on possible future needs of the ongoing efforts to identify the diverse functions of mast cells in health and disease.

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“…A similar phenomenon has not been proven after the challenge of MCs with this periodontopathogen. However, mast cell‐extracellular traps, known as MCETs, have already been reported 29,41 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast cells exhibit intracellular microbicidal activity against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Lima

Pinke

Lopes

et al. 2020

J of Periodontal Research

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Background and Objective Several studies have demonstrated that mast cells are equipped with versatile tools to combat and kill bacteria. Additionally, mast cells produce and secrete a variety of mediators, which either regulate the host's immune system or directly attack bacteria. In this study, the intracellular microbicidal capacity of mast cells against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was evaluated. Methods Murine mast cells were challenged in vitro with A actinomycetemcomitans for 3, 5, 10, and 24 hours. Subsequently, the colony‐forming units were counted. Additionally, the production and release of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide were analyzed by DAF‐FM diacetate, the Griess reaction, and the Amplex Red kit, respectively. Cell death was evaluated using FITC Annexin V and propidium iodide staining. Results Mast cells are able to efficiently eliminate periodontopathogen, with best results after 10 hours of intracellular challenge. The production/release of nitric oxide—and to a lesser extent of hydrogen peroxide—by mast cells was in agreement with its microbicidal capacity. Ninety percent of the mast cells maintained their cellular viability even after 24 hours of bacterial challenge. Conclusions This is—to the best of our knowledge—the first report to describe the intracellular microbicidal activity of mast cells against A actinomycetemcomitans, concerning the production and release of potentially bactericidal substances. Further, the low number of cell deaths confirms that the decreased number of colony‐forming units was due to the higher antimicrobial activity of mast cells. The results highlight the importance of these cells in the defense mechanisms of biofilm‐induced periodontal disease.

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Group A Streptococcus Prevents Mast Cell Degranulation to Promote Extracellular Trap Formation

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

Responses of Mast Cells to Pathogens: Beneficial and Detrimental Roles

Responses of Mast Cells to Pathogens: Beneficial and Detrimental Roles

Future Needs in Mast Cell Biology

Mast cells exhibit intracellular microbicidal activity against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

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