Group BStreptococcuscolonisation and their antimicrobial susceptibility among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in tertiary care hospitals in the Western Province of Sri Lanka

Is vaginal discharge a natural or pathological problem in pregnant women associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes?: A cross-sectional study

“…23 Low literacy and low income along with unemployment could be risk factors of poor personnel hygiene often associated with vaginal infections in pregnant women. 6,7 Because of these limitations, the generalisability of our findings might be limited.…”

“…5 Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection that is prevalent in 15-30% pregnancies and its adverse pregnancy outcomes include preterm labour and delivery, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), amniotic fluid infections and postpartum endometritis. 6,7 Vaginal Candidiasis (VC) is a common type of vaginal infection caused by overgrowth of Candida species, 8 which are part of the lower genital tract flora present in healthy asymptomatic women. 9 VC is a gynaecologic disorder with a white vaginal discharge, vaginal pain, difficult or painful sexual intercourse, irritation and itching.…”

“…11 These infections are associated with vaginal discharge and particularly affect women of low socio-economic background and low literacy level. 6,7 Abnormal vaginal discharge due to vaginal infections is also common during child bearing age. Because of socio-psychological impacts and adverse maternal and foetal outcomes vaginal discharge is an important public health issue, which needs further research especially in women of lower socio-income communities and those living in lower and middle income countries such as Pakistan where pregnant women have a higher prevalence of candidiasis 12,13 and other bacterial infections.…”

Barriers to the efficient implementation of the neonatal Group B Streptococcal (GBS) disease prevention programme. A retrospective documentation analysis, eastern Croatia

“…GBS is a part of normal ora of the female urogenital tract and rectum (2). Epidemiologic studies indicated that approximately 10%-40% of pregnant women cary GBS in their vagina and rectum (3). In developing countries, the prevalence of GBS colonisation in vagina and rectum of pregnant women was reported to range from 8.5-22% (4).…”

“…Experiences showed that regardless of the type of the prevention programmes, their implementation has provided a signi cant reduction in the incidence of invasive GBS infections (19,20). Many issues still need to be considered, including microbiological technique performances for more accurate detection of GBS colonisation and infection, routine intrapartum use of the rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, the real-time GBS detection, GBS vaccines for pregnant women or those who are planning a pregnancy, and issues important for coordination of the prevention policies among EU countries ( 3,18).…”