Group bias in cooperative norm enforcement

McAuliffe, Katherine; Dunham, Yarrow

doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0073

Cited by 72 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…For example, Guala and Filippin () found that people altruistically allocated more money towards an ingroup member victim and were more likely to punish an outgroup perpetrator (Guala & Filippin, ). This finding is further supported by previous research which has observed that ingroup members who violate social norms will be less harshly punished than outgroup members due to ingroup favouritism (DeSmet et al, ; Guala & Filippin, ; Guo, Xu, Wu, & Hu, ; McAuliffe & Dunham, ; Wang et al, ). What remains less known, however, is whether the identity of the perpetrator (as an ingroup or outgroup member) moderates or is moderated by other factors (e.g., empathy, perceived injustice) in the dictator game and influences altruistic behaviour choices.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The effects of empathy, perceived injustice and group identity on altruistic preferences: Towards compensation or punishment

2018

J Applied Social Pyschol

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Previous research supports that both empathic concern and perspective‐taking are predictors of altruistic behaviours in dictator games. Less is known, however, about how the identity of the victim and the perpetrator and the strength of ingroup identity of the observer in such games impacts upon preferences for altruistic compensation and punishment. Focusing on gender identity, the present research aimed to examine the effects of empathy, perceived injustice and ingroup identity strength on preferences for altruistic compensation and punishment. Female adult participants (n = 116) were recruited through an online survey conducted in the United Kingdom. Using a dictator‐style game, participants were randomly assigned to observe either a male or female distributing resources to a female victim, after which they were asked to rate their feelings of injustice and then completed a series of measures including empathic concern, perspective‐taking and strength of gender identity. Results demonstrate that empathic concern and perspective‐taking predicted third‐party altruistic preferences but there was no effect of experimental condition (perpetrator identity). Results have implications for promoting perspective‐taking‐focused empathy intervention in occasions where distributive inequality or intergroup bias frequently occurs. These are also the insight to female’s awareness of gender equality and a novel enforce of norm violations.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The effects of empathy, perceived injustice and group identity on altruistic preferences: Towards compensation or punishment

2018

J Applied Social Pyschol

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“…In the Ultimatum Game, both theories have been supported. A recent review of the literature appraised studies on group bias in norm enforcement and indicated that most findings are more consistent with the Social Identity Theory than the Norms-Focused Theory12.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors propose a Norm-Focused Theory, emphasize the functional role of prescriptive norms which help to maintain group cohesion and promote group interest. Accordingly, the violation of such norms will be highly salient and objectionable, violating the central compact of group life12. According to the Social Identity Theory, other researchers propose that an ingroup member’s unfair action will at least partially be compensated by the positive evaluation they gain through group membership1314.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ingroup/outgroup membership modulates fairness consideration: neural signatures from ERPs and EEG oscillations

Wang

Zhang

Bai

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Previous studies have shown that ingroup/outgroup membership influences individual’s fairness considerations. However, it is not clear yet how group membership influences brain activity when a recipient evaluates the fairness of asset distribution. In this study, subjects participated as recipients in an Ultimatum Game with alleged members of both an experimentally induced ingroup and outgroup. They either received extremely unequal, moderately unequal, or equal offers from proposers while electroencephalogram was recorded. Behavioral results showed that the acceptance rates for unequal offers were higher when interacting with ingroup partners than with outgroup partners. Analyses of event related potentials revealed that proposers’ group membership modulated offer evaluation at earlier processing stages. Feedback-related negativity was more negative for extremely and moderately unequal offers compared to equal offers in the ingroup interaction whereas it did not show differential responses to different offers in the outgroup interaction. Analyses of event related oscillations revealed that the theta power (4–6 Hz) was larger for moderately unequal offers than equal offers in the ingroup interaction whereas it did not show differential responses to different offers in the outgroup interaction. Thus, early mechanisms of fairness evaluation are strongly modulated by the ingroup/outgroup membership of the interaction partner.

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“…McAuliffe & Dunham [26] adopt an intergroup perspective on the relationship between self and other and discuss why children prefer members of their own group. They discuss evidence that both adults and children tend to share more resources with members of their own group and critically evaluate why this is.…”

Section: Origins: the Evolution And Development Of Social Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding self and others: from origins to disorders

Catmur

Cross

Over

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 16 to a theme issue 'Understanding self and other: from origins to disorders'. In order to interpret and engage with the social world, individuals must understand how they relate to others. Self-other understanding forms the backbone of social cognition and is a central concept explored by research into basic processes such as action perception and empathy, as well as research on more sophisticated social behaviours such as cooperation and intergroup interaction. This theme issue integrates the latest research into self -other understanding from evolutionary biology, anthropology, psychology, neuroscience and psychiatry. By gathering perspectives from a diverse range of disciplines, the contributions showcase ways in which research in these areas both informs and is informed by approaches spanning the biological and social sciences, thus deepening our understanding of how we relate to others in a social world.

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Group bias in cooperative norm enforcement

Abstract: One contribution of 16 to a theme issue 'Understanding self and other: from origins to disorders'.

Cited by 72 publications

References 63 publications

The effects of empathy, perceived injustice and group identity on altruistic preferences: Towards compensation or punishment

The effects of empathy, perceived injustice and group identity on altruistic preferences: Towards compensation or punishment

Ingroup/outgroup membership modulates fairness consideration: neural signatures from ERPs and EEG oscillations

Understanding self and others: from origins to disorders

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