“…Although group II mGluRs are expressed at each level of the pain neuraxis ( Petralia et al, 1996 ; Tang and Sim, 1999 ; Carlton et al, 2001 ; Varney and Gereau, 2002 ; Carlton and Hargett, 2007 ; Boye Larsen et al, 2014 ; Kolber, 2015 ; Chiechio, 2016 ; Davidson et al, 2016 ), several lines of evidence suggest that activation of mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors in peripheral sensory neurons is sufficient for analgesia. For instance, in rodent inflammatory pain models, pharmacological activation of mGluR2/3 expressed on peripheral primary afferents can attenuate pain-like behavior by suppressing sensory neuron sensitization in response to algogens and inflammatory mediators ( Yang and Gereau, 2002 ; Du et al, 2008 ; Carlton et al, 2011, 2009 ; Asseri et al, 2015 ; Davidson et al, 2016 ). Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of peripheral mGluR2/3 can prolong pain-like behavior and increase sensory neuron activity, suggesting that endogenous activation of mGluR2/3 is analgesic ( Yang and Gereau, 2003 ; Carlton et al, 2011 ).…”