Growing steers grazing high versus low endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum)-infected tall fescue have reduced serum enzymes, increased hepatic glucogenic enzymes, and reduced liver and carcass mass1

Brown, Kelly R.; Anderson, Garry A.; Son, Kwangwon; Rentfrow, G.; Bush, L. P.; Klotz, J. L.; Strickland, J. R.; Boling, J. A.; Matthews, J. C.

doi:10.2527/jas.2008-1108

Cited by 35 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Disruption of lipid homeostasis is a feature of FT; dyslipidemia, as well as suppressed serum cholesterol and triglycerides, all have been associated with FT previously (22,74). The early decreases in the Erysipelotrichaceae, along with the previously reported decreases in enzymes associated with lipid metabolism in FT (e.g., lipase) (75,76), could contribute to the dyslipidemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Response of Beef Cattle Fecal Microbiota to Grazing on Toxic Tall Fescue

Mote

Hill

Skarlupka

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Tall fescue, the predominant southeastern United States cool-season forage grass, frequently becomes infected with an ergot alkaloid-producing toxic endophyte, Epichloë coenophialum. Consumption of endophyte-infected fescue results in fescue toxicosis (FT), a condition that lowers beef cow productivity. Limited data on the influence of ergot alkaloids on rumen fermentation profiles or ruminal bacteria that could degrade the ergot alkaloids are available, but how FT influences the grazing bovine fecal microbiota or what role fecal microbiota might play in FT etiology and associated production losses has yet to be investigated. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples from weaned Angus steers grazing toxic endophyte-infected (Eϩ; n ϭ 6) or nontoxic (Max-Q; n ϭ 6) tall fescue before and 1, 2, 14, and 28 days after pasture assignment. Bacteria in the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla comprised 90% of the Max-Q and Eϩ steer fecal microbiota throughout the trial. Early decreases in the Erysipelotrichaceae family and delayed increases of the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families were among the major effects of Eϩ grazing. Eϩ also increased abundances within the Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria phyla and the Clostridiaceae family. Multiple operational taxonomic units classified as Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were correlated negatively with weight gains (lower in Eϩ) and positively with respiration rates (increased by Eϩ). These data provide insights into how Eϩ grazing alters the Angus steer microbiota and the relationship of fecal microbiota dynamics with FT. IMPORTANCE Consumption of Eϩ tall fescue has an estimated annual $1 billion negative impact on the U.S. beef industry, with one driver of these costs being lowered weight gains. As global agricultural demand continues to grow, mitigating production losses resulting from grazing the predominant southeastern United States forage grass is of great value. Our investigation of the effects of Eϩ grazing on the fecal microbiota furthers our understanding of bovine fescue toxicosis in a realworld grazing production setting and provides a starting point for identifying easyto-access fecal bacteria that could serve as potential biomarkers of animal productivity and/or FT severity for tall fescue-grazing livestock.KEYWORDS Epichloë coenophialum, fescue toxicosis, beef cattle, ergot alkaloids, microbiome, tall fescue C ulture-independent next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based microbiota studies (e.g., 16S rRNA gene) in food-producing animals, like ruminants, are on the rise. The influence of the bovine microbiota on host energy status and metabolism has been studied (1-4), and recent NGS studies have linked enteric microbiota shifts to animal Citation Mote RS, Hill NS, Skarlupka JH, Turner ZB, Sanders ZP, Jones DP, Suen G, Filipov NM. 2019. Response of beef cattle fecal microbiota to grazing on toxic tall fescue. Appl Environ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Response of Beef Cattle Fecal Microbiota to Grazing on Toxic Tall Fescue

Mote

Hill

Skarlupka

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Examples of studies that have measured serum prolactin concentrations in cattle on pasture have reported levels of 36.0 [19], 50 [20], 108 [21], and 194 ng/mL [22] for control or endophyte-free pasture treatments. Conversely, for these same studies prolactin concentrations measured in steers on the ergot alkaloid-containing pasture treatment were 3.6 [19], 16 [20], 17 [21], and 82 ng/mL [22]. It is important to note that this wide range in reported concentrations makes comparisons across studies tenuous, due to the numerous factors that can influence the measurement of prolactin at a single point in time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasoactivity and Vasoconstriction Changes in Cattle Related to Time off Toxic Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue

Klotz

Aiken

Bussard

et al. 2016

Toxins

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Previous research has indicated that serotonergic and α-adrenergic receptors in peripheral vasculature are affected by exposure of cattle grazing toxic endophyte-infected (E+; Epichlöe coenophialia) tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum). The objective of this experiment was to determine the period of time necessary for the vascular effects of ergot alkaloids to subside. Two experiments were conducted to investigate changes in vascular contractile response and vasoconstriction over time relative to removal from an ergot alkaloid-containing E+ tall fescue pasture. In Experiment 1, lateral saphenous vein biopsies were conducted on 21 predominantly Angus steers (357 ± 3 kg body weight) at 0 (n = 6), 7 (n = 6), 14 (n = 5), or 28 days (n = 4) after removal from grazing pasture (3.0 ha; endpoint ergovaline + ergovalinine = 1.35 mg/kg DM) for 126 days. In Experiment 2, lateral saphenous veins were biopsied from 24 Angus-cross steers (361 ± 4 kg body weight) at 0, 21, 42, and 63 days (n = 6 per time point) following removal from grazing tall fescue pastures (3.0 ha; first 88 days endpoint ergovaline + ergovalinine = 0.15 mg/kg DM; last 18 days endpoint ergovaline + ergovalinine = 0.57 mg/kg DM) for 106 total days. Six steers (370 ± 18 kg body weight) off of bermudagrass pasture for the same time interval were also biopsied on Day 0 and Day 63 (n = 3 per time point). Additionally, in Experiment 2, cross-sectional ultrasound scans of caudal artery at the fourth coccygeal vertebra were taken on Days 0, 8, 15, 21, 29, 36, 42, and 45 to determine mean artery luminal area to evaluate vasoconstriction. In both experiments, steers were removed from pasture and housed in a dry lot and fed a corn silage diet for the duration of biopsies and ultrasound scans. Biopsied vessels used to evaluate vasoactivity were cleaned, incubated in a multimyograph, and exposed to increasing concentrations of 4-Bromo-3,6-dimethoxybenzocyclobuten-1-yl) methylamine hydrobromide (TCB2; 5HT2A agonist), guanfacine (GF; α2A-adrenergic agonist), and (R)-(+)-m-nitrobiphenyline oxalate (NBP; α2C-adrenergic agonist) in both experiments and ergovaline (ERV) and ergotamine (ERT) in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In Experiment 1, days off pasture × agonist concentration was not significant (p > 0.1) for all four compounds tested. In Experiment 2, GF, NBP, TCB2 and ERT were significant for days off pasture × agonist concentration interaction (p < 0.02) and vasoactivity increased over time. Vasoactivity to agonists was reduced (p < 0.05) when steers were initially removed from E+ tall fescue pasture compared to bermudagrass, but did not differ by Day 63 for any variable. Luminal areas of caudal arteries in steers grazed on E+ tall fescue relaxed and were similar to steers that had grazed bermudagrass for 36 days on non-toxic diet (p = 0.15). These data demonstrate changes in peripheral vasoactivity and recovery from vasoconstriction occur beyond five weeks off toxic pasture and 5HT2A receptors appear to be more dramatically affected in the lateral saphenous vein by...

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“…However, recent reports (Settivari et al, 2006(Settivari et al, , 2008Brown et al, 2009) indicate other molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the syndrome of ergot alkaloid intoxication such as fescue toxicosis. A survey of the literature suggests that transport proteins, as a class, may be particularly susceptible to the presence of ergot alkaloids.…”

Section: Known and Potential Regulation Of Cellular Transport Mechanimentioning

confidence: 95%

BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: St. Anthony's Fire in livestock: Causes, mechanisms, and potential solutions1,2

Strickland

Looper

Matthews

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

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177

176

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After a brief history of ergot alkaloids and ergotism, this review focuses on the metabolism and mechanisms of action of the ergot alkaloids. The authors provide models of how these alkaloids afflict grazing livestock under complex animal-plant/endophyte-environmental interactions. Alkaloid chemistry is presented to orient the reader to the structure-function relationships that are known to exist. Where appropriate, the medical literature is used to aid interpretation of livestock research and to provide insight into potential modes of action and alkaloid metabolism where these are not known for livestock. In closing the paper, we discuss management of ergot alkaloid intoxication in livestock and future research needs for this field of study.

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Growing steers grazing high versus low endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum)-infected tall fescue have reduced serum enzymes, increased hepatic glucogenic enzymes, and reduced liver and carcass mass1

Cited by 35 publications

References 55 publications

Response of Beef Cattle Fecal Microbiota to Grazing on Toxic Tall Fescue

Response of Beef Cattle Fecal Microbiota to Grazing on Toxic Tall Fescue

Vasoactivity and Vasoconstriction Changes in Cattle Related to Time off Toxic Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue

BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: St. Anthony's Fire in livestock: Causes, mechanisms, and potential solutions1,2

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