Growth abscission relationships in developing orange fruit

Sakai, W. S. and Nagao, M, A. 1985. Fruit growth and abscission m Macadamia integrifolia. -Physiol. Plant. 64: 455-460. Growth in diameter of fruits (follicles) of five cultivars of Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche followed a single sigmoidal pattern, A rapid increase in fruit diameter began 2 to 3 weeks after anthesis and continued until weeks 14 to 16. No further increase in size was observed after 16 weeks. Growth in fresh weight of the two cultivars observed aiso followed a single sigmoidal pattern. A rapid increase in fresh weight began 5 to 6 weeks after anthesis and continued until weeks 15 to 18. No further increase in fresh weight was evident after 18 weeks. Abscission of flowers and fruits occurred continuously from anthesis through fruit maturity and could be separated into three periods. The first period of abscission occurred in the first 2 weeks after anthesis and commonly involved over 90% of the flowers. The second period of abscission occurred from 3 to 8 weeks after anthesis and commonly involved over 80% of the initial set of small fruit. This period of abscission occurred prior to and concurrent with the rapid increase in growth. The third period of abscission was gradual and occurred from 9 weeks after anthesis until maturity at 28 to 30 weeks. Measurement of ethylene evolution by fruits showed a peak during weeks 3 and 4. This was prior to the peak in relative abscission rate at week 5. The fruit removal force increased from anthesis through week 12 and decreased from week 24 through maturity.Additional key words -Ethylene, fruit drop, fruit removal force. W. S. Sakai (reprint requests}. College

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“…For comparison of abscission with ethylene evoltition the relative abscission rate (rR) formula of Zucconi et al (1978) was modified:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit growth and abscission in Macadamia imtegrifolia

Sakai

Nagao

1985

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…É possível que o efeito de diminuição da frutificação exercido pelo AG 3 fosse mais intenso se a aplicação tivesse sido antecipada para fins de maio ou início de junho, porque Agustí & Almela (1991) ÈpvqÃtvirpyvpÃÃÃÃ mentando a retenção de frutos na planta (Zucconi et al, 1978). Isto, entretanto, não acontece em plantas com índice baixo de floração, inferior a 20 flores/100 nós (Becerra & Guardiola, 1984), como ficou evidenciado neste trabalho.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Esse efeito favorável da anelagem da casca sobre a produção dos citros já foi evidenciado em muitos experimentos (Agustí & Almela, 1991), devendo-se à retenção de metabólitos na copa, em benefício da melhor nutrição dos frutos, na fase crítica do início do desenvolvimento, logo após o florescimento (Zucconi et al, 1978). Entretanto, no experimento 2 a anelagem da casca do tronco somente aumentou a produção de frutos na ausência da aplicação de óleo mineral emulsionável (Tabela 2).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…A causa principal dessa baixa produtividade pode ser atribuída a desequilíbrios nutricionais e hormonais relacionados com a ausência de sementes e intensa floração, em cachos florais desprovidos de folhas, que determinam elevada queda de botões florais, flores e frutos em desenvolvimento, que é tanto mais intensa quanto maior o índice de floração (Agustí & Almela, 1991 (Zucconi et al, 1978). Todos os fatores que estimulam o crescimento inicial do ovário aumentam a fixação de frutos.…”

Section: Effect Of Ringing and Spraying With Gibberellic Acid And Minunclassified

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Frutificação precoce de laranjeiras 'Monte Parnaso' com anelagem e pulverizações de ácido giberélico e óleo mineral

Koller

Sobrinho

Schwarz

1999

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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RESUMO -Com o objetivo de diminuir a floração muito intensa e aumentar a produção de frutos, laranjeiras de umbigo Monte Parnaso (Citrus sinensis Osb.), com dois anos de idade, foram submetidas à anelagem de casca do tronco, pulverizações foliares com doses de 0, 10, 20 e 30 ppm de ácido giberélico (AG 3 ), combinadas com 0 e 1% de óleo mineral emulsionável. Foram realizados dois experimentos: um com pulverizações repetidas em 22 e 29/07/93, e outro com pulverização em plena floração em 15/09/93. Em ambos os experimentos, 50% das plantas foram submetidas à anelagem da casca do tronco, feita por uma incisão anelar, 5 cm abaixo da formação da copa. A produção diminuiu linearmente com o aumento das dosagens de AG 3 pulverizado no final de julho; não houve efeito significativo sobre a frutificação quando o AG 3 foi aplicado em plena floração. As pulverizações com 1% de óleo mineral diminuíram o número de frutos produzidos, em até 42%, principalmente nos tratamentos feitos no final de julho. A anelagem da casca do tronco aumentou o número de frutos em aproximadamente 25%, mas diminuiu o peso médio dos frutos.Termos para indexação: Citrus sinensis, fixação de frutos, produtividade. EFFECT OF RINGING AND SPRAYING WITH GIBBERELLIC ACID AND MINERAL OIL ON THE FRUITING OF YOUNG MONTE PARNASO NAVEL ORANGE TREESABSTRACT -Aiming to study fruit set increase of young Monte Parnaso navel orange trees (Citrus sinensis Osb.), plants were sprayed with 0, 10, 20, or 30 ppm of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) solution, plus 0 or 1% of mineral oil. Two experiments were set up: one spraying the trees twice, on 22 nd and 29 th of July, 1993, and another spraying the trees on 15 th of September, 1993, when it was all at full bloom. In both experiments 50% of the trees were ringed 5 cm down the first branch of the crown. Results showed that fruit production decreased linearly with the increasing of GA 3 , applyied on 22 nd and 27 th of July, 1993; there was no significant effect for GA 3 applyied at full bloom. The spraying of 1% mineral oil decreased harvest by 42%, mainly when applyied at the end of July. Ringing increased fruiting nearly to 25% and decreased the average fruit size.

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“…During this period, many thousands of fruitlets face a strong competition for carbohydrates against other tree growing organs ( fl owers, shoots and roots). It has been well established that fruit drop is inversely related to fruit growth rate (Zucconi et al 1978 ;Ruiz and Guardiola 1994 ) which strongly depends on cell division and thus carbohydrates availability. Therefore, fruit survival depends upon regular carbohydrate supply, which depends on carbohydrates reserve mobilization (Goldschmidt and Koch 1996 ;Bustan and Goldschmidt 1998 ) , current photosynthesis (Goldschmidt and Koch 1996 ;Kozlowski and Pallardy 1997 ;Iglesias et al 2002 ) , sink capacity and nutrients utilization.…”

Section: Intersink Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient-Hormone Interactions in Citrus: Physiological Implications

Gravina

Gambetta

Rivas

2012

Advances in Citrus Nutrition

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Growth and development in woody perennial plants has many differences regarding to annual crops. After overcoming the juvenile stage, in which species are not able to produce fl owers, each annual cycle in perennials give rise to one or more fl ushes of vegetative and reproductive growth.Under tropical conditions, Citrus annually brings about several sprouting and blooms, whereas growing in temperate climates, only the spring fl ush is reproductive. In temperate zones, although several fl ushes of growth may occur, these are mostly vegetative. The exception is provided by lemon trees ( C . limon [L.] Burm.), which give rise to reproductive and vegetative shoots throughout the year.Vast information is available relating nutrition and water supply with fl owering and fruiting of Citrus . However, less information matching the controlling role of nutrients, carbohydrates, water and hormones during the developmental process is available. Therefore, hormonal and nutritional control of some Citrus developmental processes, with special emphasis on fl oral induction, fruit set, fruit development and maturation of Citrus has been focused in this chapter. AbstractCitrus growth and development is regulated by complex but subtly tuned nutritional and hormonal interaction in response to environmental signalling. Flower induction is stimulated by low temperatures and water stress and mediated by previous fruit load, being endogenous gibberellins (GAs) content pointed as the main inhibiting hormones. The promoting role of carbohydrates or nitrogen (N) on fl owering has not been demonstrated, but a minimum content of these compounds seems to be required for fl ower formation. Fruit set is a critical step for fruit production, being initially regulated by GAs content. Thereafter, during the onset of the source-sink competition, fruit set depends upon carbohydrates and N availability and fruitlets sink strength. During stage II of fruit development, fruit growth is promoted by auxins, carbohydrates and water accumulation. Afterwards, peel colour development, which is stimulated by low temperatures, is promoted by the decline of fl avedo's GAs content and the steady-state level of ethylene, as carbohydrates and abscisic acid (ABA) increase and N decrease during this fi nal stage.

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Growth abscission relationships in developing orange fruit

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Fruit growth and abscission in Macadamia imtegrifolia

Fruit growth and abscission in Macadamia imtegrifolia

Frutificação precoce de laranjeiras 'Monte Parnaso' com anelagem e pulverizações de ácido giberélico e óleo mineral

Nutrient-Hormone Interactions in Citrus: Physiological Implications

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