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Abstract. The activity of pectin esterase and cellulase in abscission of citrus explants was studied. No relation was established between pectin esterase and abscission, while cellulase activity was markedly increased before absoission and for a certain period after excision. IAA and cycloheximide delay abscission and cellulase activity, while ethylene and, to a lesser extent, GA. acoelerate them. Application of cycloheximide during the lag period and before cellulase activity can be measured, inhibits to a certain extent the formation of 'cellulase An escape from the inhibitory effect of cycloheximide is detected when inhibitor is supplied at the end of the -lag period. Osiborne (21) claimed that pectin esterase (PE) participates in the abscission process of bean leaves. In a later report Horton and Osborne (12) mention that cellulase is also active in the albscission zone of bean leaves. While studying the role of PE in the abscission zone of citrus explants we found that cellulase rather than PE is responsible for the separation process.Very recently, Abeles (5) published a parallel study, showing the role of cellulase in the abscission zone of bean, cotton, and coleus explants which were aged for 20 hr and then transferred into ethylene environment. He concludes that the mechanism of ethylene action during cell separation induces protein synthesis which is essential for cell separation by the production of essgential enzymes for the physiological processes of abscission. The present work was carried out independently although simultaneously with that of Abeles (5). The objective was to define the time relationship which exists between the ajbscission mechanism and cellulase activity in citrus leaves. Petioles of 10 explants were tied to a glass-slide and kept for the desired period in a humidified Petri dish, 9 cm in diameter, in the dark and at 250. At the end of each experiment the percent of abscission was determined by counting the distal sections which had already abscised and those which albscised due to a gentle touch administered by forceps (7).Pectin Esterase (PE) Assay. The method employed was that of Kertez (14) with the modification of Rouse and Atkins '(25). Two sections of 2 mm were cut from 20 explants, from each side of the abscission-layer over a 8 mm wide section from the proximal to the distal end (21). Twenty similar sections, representing the same portion with respect to the abscission line, were pooled, weighed, and homogenized in 20 ml of 0.2 N NaCl in a mortar. The homogenate was transferred into 50 ml of 1 % 1717 www.plantphysiol.org on May 12, 2018 -Published by Downloaded from

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Application of exogenous ethylene, irrespective of the method of application, caused intensification of mesocarp discoloration in avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill.) during cold storage of all cultivars tested. 'Ettinger' fruit treated with Ethrel (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) prior to packing and storage developed severe chilling injury (CI) symptoms, expressed as mesocarp discoloration after 3 weeks at 5°C. 'Fuerte' fruit treated with ethylene gas (100 ml l − 1 ) for 24 h at 20°C prior to storage at 5°C exhibited mesocarp discoloration, which increased dramatically during shelf life at 20°C. 'Fuerte' fruit treated in cold storage with a continuous low ethylene dose (4 ml l − 1 ) developed severe browning in the fruit pulp after 3 weeks at 5°C. 'Hass' fruit treated with 50 ml l − 1 ethylene, for 12, 24 or 48 h at 5°C showed a gradual increase in mesocarp discoloration after 3 weeks in cold storage plus shelf life; the 48 h ethylene-treated fruit exhibited the most severe pulp browning. Use of absorbent sachets that removed ethylene from modified atmosphere (MA) packaging reduced mesocarp discoloration and decay development in 'Hass' fruit after 5 weeks storage at 5°C. Application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), reduced mesocarp discoloration, decay development and polyphenol oxidase activity, whereas this enzyme activity was induced in ethylene-treated fruits that were cold stored for 4 weeks.