“…1(b), these excitation geometries are represented by the BC lines in blue (g = À1) and red (g = 1). In addition to indexing azimuthal scans, there are other MD-related phenomena where BC line plots can be helpful: revealing surface structure information via a specific MD geometry, otherwise known as Bragg surface diffraction (Jen & Chang, 1992;Morelha ˜o & Cardoso, 1993;Hayashi et al, 1997;Avanci & Morelha ˜o, 2000;Avanci et al, 1998a;Freitas et al, 2009;Lang et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2014;Zheng et al, 2016), where the 2D intensity distribution around the MD peaks follows the orientation of the BC lines. When single crystals are hit with a high-flux ($10 14 ph s À1 mm À2 ) monochromatic X-ray beam, diffuse multiple scattering (Nisbet et al, 2015) makes BC lines visible on zero-noise area detectors.…”