Growth and characterization of large CdSiP2 single crystals

Zawilski, Kevin T.; Schunemann, Peter G.; Pollak, Thomas C.; Zelmon, David E.; Fernelius, Nils C.; Hopkins, F. Kenneth

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.10.034

Cited by 162 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, confirmation of the origin of this behavior requires further investigation. Using the obtained two-photon absorption coefficients, we have estimated the energy bandgap (E g ) of the material, resulting in a value of 2.35 eV for o-polarization and 2.36 eV for e-polarization, confirming the large bandgap of CSP [6]. We also performed similar measurements at the signal wavelength using the OPO output (o-polarization) up to a maximum intensity of ∼60 MW∕cm 2 , as shown in the inset of Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

“…On the other hand, the advancement of mid-IR femtosecond OPOs beyond 5 μm using technologically mature pump lasers near 1 μm is highly desirable by circumventing the scarcity of long-wavelength laser sources, complexities associated with external tandem OPOs, and power limitations of single-pass DFG techniques. In this context, the recently developed nonlinear material, cadmium silicon phosphide, CdSiP 2 (CSP), offers unique linear and nonlinear optical properties [6]. Its large bandgap, wide transparency range, high optical quality, improved thermal and optical properties, together with a high effective nonlinear coefficient (d eff ∼ 84 pm∕V) make it an attractive nonlinear material for mid-IR generation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CSP crystal is 1-mm-long with a 4 mm × 5 mm aperture, cut at θ 90°(ϕ 45°) for type-I (e → oo) NCPM at room temperature. Using the relevant Sellmeier equations, the parametric gain bandwidth centered at 1029 nm, for a 1-mm-long CSP crystal, is estimated to be 10.6 nm [6], as shown in Fig. 2, relative to the pump spectrum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

High-power femtosecond mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator at 7 μm based on CdSiP_2

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report a femtosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) for the mid-infrared (mid-IR), generating a record average power of 110 mW at 7 μm. The OPO, based on CdSiP 2 (CSP) as the nonlinear crystal, provides idler wavelength tuning across 6540-7186 nm with spectral bandwidths >400 nm at −10 dB level over the entire range, and a maximum bandwidth of 478 nm at 6.9 μm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power generated from a femtosecond OPO in the deep mid-IR. The OPO also provides near-IR signal wavelengths tunable across 1204-1212 nm with a usable power of 450 mW in 418-fs pulses at 1207 nm. The simultaneously measured signal and idler power exhibit a passive stability better than 1.6% rms and 3% rms, respectively. A mid-IR idler spectral stability with a standard deviation of the frequency fluctuations better than 40 MHz over 15 min, limited by the measurement resolution, is realized. Using the mid-IR idler from the CSP OPO, we perform Fourier-transform spectroscopy to detect liquid phase organic solvent, toluene (C 7 High-power femtosecond sources providing broadband pulses with wide spectral coverage in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) are of great interest for a variety of applications including spectroscopy, frequency comb generation, and sensitive detection of gas and liquid phase chemical species [1]. Synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) are versatile and practical sources of such radiation. However, the development of femtosecond OPOs for the mid-IR using the well-established oxide-based nonlinear crystals such as periodically poled LiNbO 3 is practically limited to ∼5 μm, imposed by the onset of material absorption. As such, access to femtosecond pulses beyond 5 μm has relied on differencefrequency-generation (DFG) [2] or tandem OPO pumping [3,4] using non-oxide-based nonlinear crystals such as GaSe and AgGaSe 2 , or direct pumping of OPOs beyond 2 μm in combination with orientation-patterned GaAs [5] to avoid two-photon material absorption. On the other hand, the advancement of mid-IR femtosecond OPOs beyond 5 μm using technologically mature pump lasers near 1 μm is highly desirable by circumventing the scarcity of long-wavelength laser sources, complexities associated with external tandem OPOs, and power limitations of single-pass DFG techniques. In this context, the recently developed nonlinear material, cadmium silicon phosphide, CdSiP 2 (CSP), offers unique linear and nonlinear optical properties [6]. Its large bandgap, wide transparency range, high optical quality, improved thermal and optical properties, together with a high effective nonlinear coefficient (d eff ∼ 84 pm∕V) make it an attractive nonlinear material for mid-IR generation. Very importantly, CSP can also be pumped near 1 μm under noncritical phase-matching (NCPM) to generate mid-IR radiation in the 6-8 μm wavelength range. Earlier reports on ultrafast frequency conversion sources based on CSP include optical parametric generators [7] and OPOs [8] in the high-energy picosecond as well as femt...

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 58%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High-power femtosecond mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator at 7 μm based on CdSiP_2

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[1][2][3][4] Some representative ternary silicon phosphides were reported, such as CoSi 3 P 3 (P2 1 ), [5] NiSi 2 P 3 (Imm2), [6] LnSi 2 P 6 (Cmc2 1 , Ln = La, Ce, Pr), [7] KSi 2 P 3 (C2/c) [8] and Ag 2 SiP 2 (I42d). [9] The crystal structure difference exhibits the diversity of ternary silicon phosphides and the interesting structures of Si-P frameworks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Calcium Silicon Phosphides Ca₂Si₂P₄, Ca₃Si₈P₁₄ and Ca₃Si₂P₄

Zhang

et al. 2015

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Three calcium silicon phosphides: Ca 2 Si 2 P 4 , Ca 3 Si 8 P 14 , and Ca 3 Si 2 P 4 were synthesized by solid state reaction and identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Ca 2 Si 2 P 4 crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric space group P4 1 2 1 2 (no.92) with a = 7.173 Å, c = 26.295 Å. Both Ca 3 Si 8 P 14 and Ca 3 Si 2 P 4 crystallize in the space group P2 1 /c (no.14) with a = 12.138 Å, b = 13.476 Å, c = 6.2176 Å, β = 90.934°,

show abstract

“…Zawilski et al found that the thermal conductivity of CdSiP 2 was 13.6 W m −1 K −1 , which was one order of magnitude higher than AgGaS 2 (1.4 W m −1 K −1 ) and AgGaSe 2 (1.0 W m −1 K −1 ). 11 Heat conduction in nonmetallic crystals is generally dominated by phonon anharmonicity. [12][13][14] fitted using experimental data or models; thus, the physical mechanism of thermal conductivity has not been accessible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of acoustic phonon anharmonicity in determining thermal conductivity of CdSiP2 and AgGaS2: First principles calculations

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermal conductivity of single-crystal materials is crucial in the fields of lasers and nonlinear optics. Understanding the physical mechanism of thermal conductivity in such systems is therefore of great importance. In the present work, first principles calculations were employed to study the thermal conductivity of the infrared nonlinear optical materials, CdSiP2 and AgGaS2. These compounds crystallize in similar structures but with an order-of-magnitude difference in thermal conductivity. The average Grüneisen parameters are −0.8 and −2.6 for CdSiP2 and AgGaS2, respectively; these values are indicative of the soft-mode phenomenon of acoustic phonons. Crystal structures are considered unstable at low temperature through the whole Brillouin zone, especially in the region from K-point X to Γ. Acoustic phonon anharmonicity is concluded to be the main factor that determines the magnitude of thermal conductivity.

show abstract

Growth and characterization of large CdSiP2 single crystals

Cited by 162 publications

References 19 publications

High-power femtosecond mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator at 7 μm based on CdSiP_2

High-power femtosecond mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator at 7 μm based on CdSiP_2

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Calcium Silicon Phosphides Ca₂Si₂P₄, Ca₃Si₈P₁₄ and Ca₃Si₂P₄

The role of acoustic phonon anharmonicity in determining thermal conductivity of CdSiP2 and AgGaS2: First principles calculations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Growth and characterization of large CdSiP2 single crystals

Cited by 162 publications

References 19 publications

High-power femtosecond mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator at 7 μm based on CdSiP_2

High-power femtosecond mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator at 7 μm based on CdSiP_2

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Calcium Silicon Phosphides Ca2Si2P4, Ca3Si8P14 and Ca3Si2P4

The role of acoustic phonon anharmonicity in determining thermal conductivity of CdSiP2 and AgGaS2: First principles calculations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Calcium Silicon Phosphides Ca₂Si₂P₄, Ca₃Si₈P₁₄ and Ca₃Si₂P₄