“…Deposition of Y 2 O 3 films has been done by e-beam evaporation [16,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], molecular beam epitaxy [29,30], RF magnetron sputtering [31][32][33][34][35], laser ablation [36], RF sputtering [37], reactive RF sputtering [15,38], ion beam sputtering [17,36,[39][40][41], plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [42,43], pulsed liquid-injection plasma-enhanced metallorganic CVD [4,44], low pressure CVD [45], atomic layer deposition [18,[46][47][48], and ionized cluster beam deposition [49,50] techniques. The quality of deposited Y 2 O 3 film may be attributed to two factors, namely crystallinity of the structure and stoichiometry of the chemical composition.…”