Growth and development of pigs: a reanalysis of the effects of nutrition on body composition

Davies, A. S.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600035450

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The decrease of the lean proportion in the gain (Table 6 ) showed that at low intake levels the pigs have a preference for muscle gain, whereas the proportion of fat tissue gain increases at higher intake levels. This is in agreement with Davies (1983), who reported that pigs at a high feeding level deposited proportionately more fat and less muscle relative to pigs at a low feeding level.…”

Section: Effect Of Energy Intake Between 45 and 85 Kilogramssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This was mainly the result of growth of the liver, kidneys, and digestive tract. An increase in the weights of metabolically active organs with increasing feed intake also was reported by Koong et al (1982Koong et al ( , 1983, Davies (1983), Rao and McCracken (1992), and Bikker et al (1995). This effect presumably reflects a functional hypertrophy of the organs in order to process the incremental amounts of feed and illustrates the adaptive capacity of the gilt to nutrient intake.…”

Section: Effect Of Energy Intake Between 45 and 85 Kilogramsmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Performance and body composition of finishing gilts (45 to 85 kilograms) as affected by energy intake and nutrition in earlier life: I. Growth of the body and body components.

Bikker

Verstegen

Kemp³

et al. 1996

Journal of Animal Science

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Forty-eight commercial hybrid gilts were used to determine the effects of energy intake from 20 to 45 kg on the relationship between energy intake and weight gain of the body and body components from 45 to 85 kg. Two groups of 24 gilts received a single diet either at 2.2 (restricted) or 3.7 (control) times maintenance (M) from 20 to 45 kg. From 45 to 85 kg the pigs were fed the same diet at one of six intake levels (1.7, 2.2, 2.7, 3.2, or 3.7 x M, or ad libitum). At 85 kg, the gilts were dissected into organs, lean tissue (trimmed major joints), and other carcass parts (fat fraction). In the restricted gilts, body and lean tissue gain between 45 and 85 kg increased curvilinearly with increasing energy intake from 432 to 1,412 g/d and from 228 to 507 g/d, respectively. In the control gilts, body and lean tissue gain increased from 394 to 1,201 g/d and from 238 to 508 g/d, respectively. The percentage of lean tissue in the carcass decreased curvilinearly with increasing energy intake from 62.9 to 56.5%, and from 62.5 to 53.9% in the restricted and control gilts, respectively. The restricted gilts gained on average 140 g/d faster (P < .001) and their carcass lean tissue content at slaughter was approximately 3% higher (P < .001). These differences increased with increasing energy level between 45 and 85 kg. The increased gain was largely the result of an increase in organ growth and gut contents and was only evident up to 65 kg. The higher lean content at 85 kg in previously restricted gilts was not the result of compensation in lean gain but was already present at the end of the restriction phase at 45 kg.

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Section: Effect Of Energy Intake Between 45 and 85 Kilogramssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Effect Of Energy Intake Between 45 and 85 Kilogramsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Performance and body composition of finishing gilts (45 to 85 kilograms) as affected by energy intake and nutrition in earlier life: I. Growth of the body and body components.

Bikker

Verstegen

Kemp³

et al. 1996

Journal of Animal Science

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“…A positive relationship between lean content and the ratio of intermuscular to subcutaneous fat has been described (Kempster and Evans, 1979;Davies, 1983;Kouba et al, 1999). According to Kouba et al (1999), a possible explanation is that selection against overall fatness based on backfat thickness is more effective in decreasing subcutaneous fat relative to intermuscular fat and leads, as a result, to little genetic changes in intermuscular fat accumulation.…”

Section: Correlations Between Cia Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer image analysis traits of cross-sectioned dry-cured hams: A genetic analysis1

Bonfatti

Cecchinato

Sturaro

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

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The aims of this study were to estimate genetic parameters of image analysis traits of cross-sectioned dry-cured hams and carcass weight (CW) and to investigate effects of some nongenetic sources of variation on these traits. Computer image analysis (CIA) had been carried out for digital images of the cross-section of 1,319 San Daniele dry-cured hams. The cross-sectional area (SA, cm(2)); the average thickness of subcutaneous fat (FT, cm); and the proportions of lean (LA, %), fat-eye (FEA, %), and subcutaneous fat area (SCF, %) to SA, and of biceps femoris (BFA, %) and semitendinosus muscle area (STA, %) to LA were recorded. Bivariate analyses were carried out for pairs of traits for estimation of genetic parameters using Bayesian methodology and linear models. Linear models included the nongenetic effects of slaughter groups and sex and the additive genetic effects of pigs and their ancestors (1,888 animals). Variation of FEA was nearly 4-fold that of SA and LA. Variation of CIA traits due to sex effect was not large, whereas slaughter group effects were relevant sources of variation for all traits. For all traits, with the exception of FEA, the posterior probability for the true heritability being greater than 0.1, was greater than 0.95. Point estimates of heritabilities for FT and SCF were 0.42 and 0.51, respectively. Heritability estimates for FEA, LA, BFA, and STA were 0.13, 0.44, 0.44, and 0.36, respectively. The genetic correlations between CW and CIA traits were positive and large for SA (0.86), positive and moderate for FT, FEA, and STA (0.47, 0.40, and 0.45, respectively) and negative with LA (-0.28). Although FEA, FT, and SCF were all measures of the extent of fat deposition in the ham, the genetic correlations between FT or SCF and FEA were very low. A very large estimate (0.74) was obtained for the genetic relationship between SA and FEA, suggesting that reduction of ham roundness through selective breeding would be beneficial for decreasing FEA. On the basis of the estimated parameters, genetic selection is expected to be effective in changing size of fatty and lean areas of the cross-section of dry-cured hams. Causes related to the abnormal development of the fat-eye depot remain unknown, but this study provided evidence that influences of polygenic effects on phenotypic variation of FEA are limited.

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Tissue distribution in pig carcasses exhibiting large differences in their degree of leanness, with special emphasis on intermuscular fat

Monziols¹,

Bonneau²,

Davenel³

et al. 2005

Livestock Production Science

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Growth and development of pigs: a reanalysis of the effects of nutrition on body composition

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Performance and body composition of finishing gilts (45 to 85 kilograms) as affected by energy intake and nutrition in earlier life: I. Growth of the body and body components.

Performance and body composition of finishing gilts (45 to 85 kilograms) as affected by energy intake and nutrition in earlier life: I. Growth of the body and body components.

Computer image analysis traits of cross-sectioned dry-cured hams: A genetic analysis1

Tissue distribution in pig carcasses exhibiting large differences in their degree of leanness, with special emphasis on intermuscular fat

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