Growth and Growth Retardation

Db, Cheek; Re, Cooke

doi:10.1146/annurev.me.15.020164.002041

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The value of assessing normal and abnormal growth clinically by inspection of the size and number of cells was pointed out in 1%1 [17], and work in the intervening years has only reemphasized the thinking. The relation of cell growth to nutrition and hormones is fundamental to the understanding of fetal growth, postnatal growth, and, eventually, the process of aging with negative growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal Muscle Cell Mass and Growth: The Concept of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid Unit

et al. 1971

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal Muscle Cell Mass and Growth: The Concept of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid Unit

et al. 1971

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“…Restoration of the cellular phase or of metabolically active protoplasm is of great importance [15, 291 since expansion of the extracellular phase may persist after treatment [23]. Limited information exists regarding the changes in human tissues before and after treatment but it has been estimated that approximately one-half of the muscle protein mass is lost in marasmus [35, 381. A review of all types of growth retardation has drawn attention to the need to inspect normal and abnormal human growth in terms of the size and number of cells [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition in Infancy: Changes in Muscle and Adipose Tissue Before and After Rehabilitation

et al. 1970

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ExtractIn nine infants suffering from protein-calorie malnutrition, significantly low values for muscle mass and cell mass which were proportional were observed. These were 1.02%0.44 kg and 2,295*693 pg, respectively (PtO.OO1). The extracellular volume was disproportionally high relative to creatinine excretion before and after rehabilitation. The major loss of muscle mass was due to loss of cell size rather than cell number.The protein/DNA ratio was 78518.7 (PtO.OO1) prior to rehabilitation and 109.6545.1 (Pt0.001) following rehabilitation. The RNA/DNA ratio was low at 0.96f0.26 (P~0.001) prior to rehabilitation while after rehabilitation the value increased to 1.24f0.14 but was still less than normal (PtO.O1).The levels of Mg and Zn per unit DNA were reduced in muscle prior to rehabilitation. These values were 6.650.7 and 35.6%15.8, respectively (PtO.OO1).The significantly reduced protein/DNA and RNA/DNA ratios after rehabilitation suggest either persistent alteration in mechanisms responsible for protein synthesis or a prolonged period necessary for recovery. Muscle cell number was not reduced for body length after rehabilitation. The mean muscle mass of 1.67f0.64 kg was not significantly different from the normal for body length after rehabilitation.The concentrations of water (39.96% 16.99) and collagen (3.86f2.24) in adipose tissue were elevated (Pt0.01), while that of fat (50.36521.87) was low prior to rehabilitation. The noncollagen protein was constant per gram of tissue in marasmus and following rehabilitation.

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“…Changes in body composition in the young subject (88) , particularly in total body water and fat since many drugs differ in speed and mechanism of action because of lipid solubility, may also result in quantitative alterations in drug distribution.…”

Section: Neonatal Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Aspects of Perinatal Pharmacology

Yaffe¹

1966

Annu. Rev. Med.

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The perinatal period extends from the completion of embryonic dif ferentiation into recognizable anatomic organ structures to the end of the first month of postnatal extrauterine existence. As such it encompasses the most rapid rate of growth and development with accompanying biochemical and physiological changes noted during the total lifespan of the mammalian organism (1).The effects of pharmacologically active agents when administered during this critical period have attracted considerable notoriety in scientific, governmental , industrial, and public circl es because of a number of recent therapeutic misadventures associated with their use. The vulnerability of the developing fetus and newborn infant to chemical agents prescribed on the basis of investigations conducted in adult subjects has been repeatedly demonstrated. The response elicited on the part of the perinatal subject has often been qualitatively and quantitatively dissimilar to that seen in the more mature subject. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss selected aspects of perinatal pharmacology which contribute to our understanding of drug action during this critical period of development. This represents but one aspect of the recently recognized discipline of developmental pharmacology which, in its broadest sense, includes the influence of aging (and the maturational status of the organism) on pharmacologic responses as well as the converse effects of drugs upon maturation and development. Done (2) has recently published a comprehensive review emphasizing these principles as they relate to the neonatal period. THE ROLE OF THE PLACENTAIt is logical to subdivide perinatal pharmacology into prenatal (fetal) and postnatal events. Apart from the recent experimental introduction of blood transfusions directly into the peritoneal cavity of the fetus (3a, 3b), all chemical agents which effect the fetus must traverse the placenta or fetal membranes after maternal administration.The fact that substances may reach the fetus by routes other than the placenta has been shown in many species. In the guinea pig and rabbit, Brambell (4) has demonstrated that antibodies may be transferred

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Growth and Growth Retardation

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Skeletal Muscle Cell Mass and Growth: The Concept of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid Unit

Skeletal Muscle Cell Mass and Growth: The Concept of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid Unit

Malnutrition in Infancy: Changes in Muscle and Adipose Tissue Before and After Rehabilitation

Some Aspects of Perinatal Pharmacology

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