Growth and Properties of Sprayed CZTS Thin Films

Sustainable synthesis of quaternary sulphides: The problem of the uptake of zinc in CZTS

“…This difference largely influences the nature of the final products. The comparison with the known literature sheds light on the effect of the Zn counter ion in the uptake of Zn by the Cu 3-x Zn x SnS 4 [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. In particular, comparing with the scheme proposed by Bahramzadeh et al [17] and concerning, among others, the precipitation from metal salts and TU in EG, we point out that in our case no evidence of the formation of organised structures (e.g.…”

“…However, simpler and less energy costly process could be explored (no surfactants, room pressure and more volatile solvent). Most of the literature seem to agree about the importance of the metal-thiourea complexes leading to the precipitation of CZTS in several different processes spanning from the solvothermal to thermalspray syntheses [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. In the present study, several polycrystalline samples within the kesterite-kuramite solid solution (Cu 3-x Zn x SnS 4 ) were obtained under a solvothermal approach.…”

“…Regarding the rate determining steps of the M1 and M2 process, the difference has to be related to the formation or the decomposition of the coordination compounds. To our knowledge it is not clear in the literature if the most favourable species for the formation of the multinary clusters are the thiourea coordination compounds or the solvated ions [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Hence, we can only infer that the formation or the decomposition of the metal coordination compounds with thiourea has to be considered the rate determining step for this reaction.…”

Investigating the Role of Selenium-Ion Concentration on Optoelectronic Properties of the Cu2ZnSn(S1–xSex)4 Thin Films

“…The measurement of the band gap of CZTSSe films was estimated by plotting the graph of (α h ν) 2 versus h ν, as depicted in Figure b by using eq where “ h ” is Planck’s constant, exponent “ n ” depends on the type of electronic transition, “ E g ” is the band gap, and “ A ” is the variable which depends on the probability of electronic transition. The decrement in the band gap energy from 1.5 to 1.42 eV has been observed for Se 1 to Se 5 samples, respectively.…”

A review on Spray pyrolysis deposited CZTS thin films for solar cell applications

“…Tarun Chandel, et al [16], coated single phase nanocrystalline (CZTS) thin films by the spray pyrolysis method. Using glass substrates the films were coated at 300 0 C and were consequently vacuum annealed for 1 hr, at various temperatures ranging from 350 0 C to 500 0 C. XRD studies reveal that the films crystallize in the CZTS kesterite structure fit in to the tetragonal structure.…”