Growth and Survival of Pseudomonas Pseudomallei in Acidic Environments

Dejsirilert, Surang; Kondo, Eiko; Chiewsilp, Dumrong; Kanai, Koomi

doi:10.7883/yoken1952.44.63

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…pseudomallei is a resilient organism that is capable of surviving hostile environmental conditions, including prolonged nutrient deficiency (493) (of durations of up to 10 years [V. Wuthiekanun, personal communication]), antiseptic and detergent solutions (161,277,401), acidic environments (pH 4.5 for up to 70 days) (133), and a wide temperature range (24 o to 32°C) and dehydration (soil water content of Ͻ10% for up to 70 days) (77,434) but not exposure to UV light (434). It is likely that harsh environmental conditions may confer a selective advantage for the growth of B. pseudomallei.…”

Section: Environmental Microbiology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Melioidosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management

2005

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Melioidosis, caused by the gram-negative saprophyte Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a disease of public health importance in southeast Asia and northern Australia that is associated with high case-fatality rates in animals and humans. It has the potential for epidemic spread to areas where it is not endemic, and sporadic case reports elsewhere in the world suggest that as-yet-unrecognized foci of infection may exist. Environmental determinants of this infection, apart from a close association with rainfall, are yet to be elucidated. The sequencing of the genome of a strain of B. pseudomallei has recently been completed and will help in the further identification of virulence factors. The presence of specific risk factors for infection, such as diabetes, suggests that functional neutrophil defects are important in the pathogenesis of melioidosis; other studies have defined virulence factors (including a type III secretion system) that allow evasion of killing mechanisms by phagocytes. There is a possible role for cell-mediated immunity, but repeated environmental exposure does not elicit protective humoral or cellular immunity. A vaccine is under development, but economic constraints may make vaccination an unrealistic option for many regions of endemicity. Disease manifestations are protean, and no inexpensive, practical, and accurate rapid diagnostic tests are commercially available; diagnosis relies on culture of the organism. Despite the introduction of ceftazidime- and carbapenem-based intravenous treatments, melioidosis is still associated with a significant mortality attributable to severe sepsis and its complications. A long course of oral eradication therapy is required to prevent relapse. Studies exploring the role of preventative measures, earlier clinical identification, and better management of severe sepsis are required to reduce the burden of this disease

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Section: Environmental Microbiology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Melioidosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management

2005

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“…Moreover, Tong and others 37 reported that B. pseudomallei grew well in broth at a pH range of 5.0-8.0. In addition, Dejsirilert and others 38 reported that these bacteria could persist in the medium at pH 4.5 for several months. The presence of B. pseudomallei in slightly acidic soil might, at least in part, account for the common distribution of this bacteria in rice fields in Thailand, where soil pH ranges from 4.4 to 7.7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Physicochemical Factors Affecting the Growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Soil Microcosm

Wang-ngarm

Chareonsudjai

2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, the third most common cause of death from infectious diseases in northeast Thailand. Four physicochemical factors were set so that their values covered the range of the northeast, which is an endemic area. The soil pH was set at pH 4-10, soil salinity was 0.0-5.0% NaCl, total iron was 50-150 mg/kg soil, and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) was 10:1 to 40:1. The experiments were carried out at 37 C, and soil moisture was maintained for 7 days. The number of viable bacterial cells was counted daily. Soil pH, salinity, Fe, and C/N ratio affected the bacterial growth. The bacterial colony was significantly (P 0.05) reduced at soil pH 8, soil salinity 1% NaCl, and C/N ratio 40:1. However, the growth of B. pseudomallei was enhanced by increasing the concentrations of iron significantly (P 0.05). We propose using these findings to control B. pseudomallei in situ.

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“…While the pH in the lumen of the murine stomach is 3, the pH of the mucosa is thought to range from 4–6.5, and can be as high as 6.9 at epithelial surfaces [65], [75], [76]. B. pseudomallei is known to grow in broth culture at a pH of 4.5, and can increase the pH of broth media from 4.5 to 7 [77]. In humans the lumen of the human stomach typically has a pH of 2, but can vary from 2 to 5 [78], [79].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Gastric Colonization with Burkholderia pseudomallei and Dissemination from the Gastrointestinal Tract following Mucosal Inoculation of Mice

et al. 2012

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Melioidosis is a disease of humans caused by opportunistic infection with the soil and water bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis can manifest as an acute, overwhelming infection or as a chronic, recurrent infection. At present, it is not clear where B. pseudomallei resides in the mammalian host during the chronic, recurrent phase of infection. To address this question, we developed a mouse low-dose mucosal challenge model of chronic B. pseudomallei infection and investigated sites of bacterial persistence over 60 days. Sensitive culture techniques and selective media were used to quantitate bacterial burden in major organs, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We found that the GI tract was the primary site of bacterial persistence during the chronic infection phase, and was the only site from which the organism could be consistently cultured during a 60-day infection period. The organism could be repeatedly recovered from all levels of the GI tract, and chronic infection was accompanied by sustained low-level fecal shedding. The stomach was identified as the primary site of GI colonization as determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Organisms in the stomach were associated with the gastric mucosal surface, and the propensity to colonize the gastric mucosa was observed with 4 different B. pseudomallei isolates. In contrast, B. pseudomallei organisms were present at low numbers within luminal contents in the small and large intestine and cecum relative to the stomach. Notably, inflammatory lesions were not detected in any GI tissue examined in chronically-infected mice. Only low-dose oral or intranasal inoculation led to GI colonization and development of chronic infection of the spleen and liver. Thus, we concluded that in a mouse model of melioidosis B. pseudomallei preferentially colonizes the stomach following oral inoculation, and that the chronically colonized GI tract likely serves as a reservoir for dissemination of infection to extra-intestinal sites.

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Growth and Survival of Pseudomonas Pseudomallei in Acidic Environments

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Melioidosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management

Melioidosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management

Physicochemical Factors Affecting the Growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Soil Microcosm

Persistent Gastric Colonization with Burkholderia pseudomallei and Dissemination from the Gastrointestinal Tract following Mucosal Inoculation of Mice

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