Growth characteristics and growth rate estimation of Japanese precious corals

Luan, Nguyen Trong; Rahman, Mohammad Azizur; Maki, Takeshi; Iwasaki, Naohiko; Hasegawa, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2013.01.012

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The length of oscillations (ca. 100 to 130 mm) is in agreement with those measured by Luan et al (2013) by organic matrix staining. The crenulations along the rings are not systematically observed.…”

Section: Paracorallium Japonicumsupporting

confidence: 89%

Block-by-block and layer-by-layer growth modes in coral skeletons

Perrin

Vielzeuf

Ricolleau

et al. 2015

American Mineralogist

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Understanding the dynamics of biomineral growth is a challenging goal of biomineralogy that can be achieved in part by deciphering biomineral structures and chemistries. The morphology, structure, and chemistry of six skeletons of Corallium and Paracorallium species (C. rubrum, C. elatius, C. johnsoni, C. niobe, P. japonicum, and P. thrinax) from the Mediterranean, the Atlantic, and the Pacific oceans have been studied by X-ray micro-computed tomography, polarized light microscope, scanning electron microscope, and electron microprobe. All species have two types of biomineral structures: an inner skeleton and sclerites that are small grains of Mg-calcite found in the living tissues surrounding the skeleton. All skeletons display a central core surrounded by an annular domain. In the species studied by electron microprobe (C. rubrum, C. elatius, and P. japonicum), the central core and the annular domains display different chemical compositions with the core richer in magnesium and poorer in sulfur than the annular domain. In terms of structure, special emphasis has been put on central cores for which little data are available. The central cores are made of sclerites and sclerite aggregates within a cement consisting of fine layers of Mg-calcite. On the other hand, the annular parts are made of fine concentric layers of calcite crystallites with only rare sclerites. These contrasting features imply two different growth modes: (1) a "block and cement" mode taking place at the apex of a branch and associated with a fast axial growth rate (~2 mm/yr); and (2) a layer-by-layer mode occurring below the apex and associated with a slow radial growth (~0.2 mm/yr). The change from a growth mode to another is anatomically controlled by the presence of a continuous network of gastrodermal canals around the sub-apical skeleton, preventing to a large extent the aggregation of sclerites. It is generally accepted that the Coralliidae family exhibits different types of skeletogeneses. In contrast with this idea, we observe that all studied Corallium species display remarkable similarities in terms of skeletogenesis and a unifying growth model for the Corallium genus is proposed. Similarities and differences with previous models are discussed. The present study shows that the morphological criterion initially used to establish the genus Paracorallium in the Coralliidae family is inadequate.

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Section: Paracorallium Japonicumsupporting

confidence: 89%

Block-by-block and layer-by-layer growth modes in coral skeletons

Perrin

Vielzeuf

Ricolleau

et al. 2015

American Mineralogist

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“…Their beautiful red and pink axis has drawn great attention and they have been harvested for ornaments, jewelry, and currency since ancient times (Chen, 2012; Clark & Rowden, 2009). Recent studies, however, indicated precious corals are vulnerable to overfishing because of their low fecundity and slow growth rate (Nonaka, Nakamura & Muzik, 2015; Luan et al, 2013; Torrents et al, 2005). Consequently, there is an increasing need for the conservation of overexploited precious corals in order to avoid local extinction (CITES-Netherlands, 2007; CITES-Qatar, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplexed ISSR genotyping by sequencing distinguishes two precious coral species (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Coralliidae) that share a mitochondrial haplotype

Takata

Taninaka

Nonaka

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Background Precious corals known as coralliid corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) play an important role in increasing the biodiversity of the deep sea. Currently, these corals are highly threatened because of overfishing that has been brought on by an increased demand and elevated prices for them.The deep sea precious corals Pleurocorallium elatius and P. konojoi are distributed in Japanese waters and have distinct morphological features: (1) the terminal branches of the colony form of P. elatius are very fine, while those of P. konojoi are blunt and rounded, (2) the autozooids of P. elatius are arranged in approximately four rows, while those of P. konojoi are clustered in groups. However, previous genetic analysis using mtDNA and nuclear DNA did not indicate monophyly. Therefore, it is important to clarify their species status to allow for their conservation. Methodology We collected a total of 87 samples (60 of Corallium japonicum and 27 of P. konojoi) from around the Ryukyu Islands and Shikoku Island, which are geographically separated by approximately 1,300 km. We used a multiplexed inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) genotyping by sequencing (MIG-seq) and obtained 223 SNPs with which to perform STRUCTURE analysis and principle coordinate analysis (PCoA). In addition, two relatively polymorphic mtDNA regions were sequenced and compared. Results P. elatius and P. konojoi share a same mtDNA haplotype, which has been previously reported. However, MIG-seq analysis clearly distinguished the two species based on PCoA and STRUCTURE analysis, including 5% of species-specific fixed SNPs. Conclusion This study indicated that P. elatius and P. konojoi are different species and therefore both species should be conserved separately. Our findings highlight the importance of the conservation of these two species, especially P. elatius, whose population has been dramatically depleted over the last 100 years. The study also demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of MIG-seq for defining closely related octocoral species that were otherwise indistinguishable using traditional genetic markers (mtDNA and EF).

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“…In Japan, three deep-sea coral species (Corallium japonicum, Pleurocorallium elatius, and Pleurocorallium konojoj) are harvested and used to produce jewelry as precious corals in Kochi, Kagoshima, Okinawa, andOgasawara Islands (CITES, 2007, 2009). Precious corals have low fecundity rate (Nonaka et al, 2015), slow growth rate (Luan et al, 2013), and are highly threatened by poaching and overexploitation (Iwasaki, 2019). The Ministry of the Environment, Japan, has listed the three coral species as critically endangered species in the Red List (Ministry of the Environment Government of Japan, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diametric and linear growth rate of the Japanese red coral C. japonicum is only 0.2 mm and 2-6 mm per year, respectively (Luan et al, 2013), with a maximum growth of up to 30 cm (Iwasaki et al, 2009), implying that it has a high longevity. Corallium japonicum is a gonochoristic broadcast spawning species (Kishinouye, 1904); thus, the size of a population and connectivity among different populations can be defined by the extent of larval dispersal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide SNP Data Revealed Notable Spatial Genetic Structure in the Deep-Sea Precious Coral Corallium japonicum

et al. 2021

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Estimating the spatial extent of gamete and larval dispersal of deep-sea coral species, is challenging yet important for their conservation. Spatial autocorrelation analysis is useful for estimating the spatial range of dispersal of corals; however, it has not been performed for deep-sea coral species using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this study, we examined the spatial genetic structure of a deep-sea coral species—the Japanese red coral, Corallium japonicum, sampled off the coast of Kochi, which lies to the southwest of the Shikoku Island in Japan; the Kochi region suffers from over-harvesting because of its high commercial value. We also examined the power of detecting significant spatial genetic structure by changing the number of loci and the proportion of missing data using both de novo analysis and mapping analysis. Similar results were obtained for both de novo and mapping analysis, although a higher number of loci were obtained by the mapping method. In addition, “many SNPs with a lot of missing data” was generally more useful than “a small number of SNPs with a small amount of missing data” to detect significant fine-scale spatial genetic structure. Our data suggested that more than 700 neutral SNPs were needed to detect significant fine-scale spatial genetic structure. The maximum first distance class that can detect significant spatial genetic structure within Kochi for the C. japonicum population was less than 11 km, suggesting that the over-harvesting of C. japonicum within a diameter of approximately 11 km in the Kochi area should be avoided, because this can cause the local extinction of this species.

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Growth characteristics and growth rate estimation of Japanese precious corals

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Block-by-block and layer-by-layer growth modes in coral skeletons

Block-by-block and layer-by-layer growth modes in coral skeletons

Multiplexed ISSR genotyping by sequencing distinguishes two precious coral species (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Coralliidae) that share a mitochondrial haplotype

Genome-Wide SNP Data Revealed Notable Spatial Genetic Structure in the Deep-Sea Precious Coral Corallium japonicum

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