Growth Factors in Oral Tissue Engineering: New Perspectives and Current Therapeutic Options

Abstract

The present investigation is aimed at systematically analyzing the recent literature about the innovative scaffold involved in the reconstructive surgeries by applying growth factors and tissue engineering. An extensive review of the contemporary literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines by accessing the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus Elsevier databases. Authors performed the English language manuscript research published from 2003 to 2020. A total of 13 relevant studies were included in the present review. The present systematic review included only papers with significant results about correlation between scaffold, molecular features of growth factor, and reconstructive surgeries in oral maxillofacial district. The initial research with filters recorded about 1023 published papers. Beyond reading and considering of suitability, only 42 and then 36 full-text papers were recorded for the revision. All the researches recorded the possibility of using growth factors on rebuilding atrophic jaws. Different growth factors like morphogenetic factors, cytokines, and inflammatory ones and their application over different scaffold materials were recorded. Further investigations should be required in order to state scientific evidence about a clear advantage of applying tissue engineering for therapeutic purpose.

Growth Factors VEGF-A165 and FGF-2 as Multifunctional Biomolecules Governing Cell Adhesion and Proliferation

“…These results are in accordance with the study by Khan et al [47], where a simultaneous increase in both proliferation and differentiation of ADSCs were obtained when VEGF-A165 was combined with FGF-2. In general, our results are in line with all studies, in which FGF-2 is used for expansion of various cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells including ADSCs [17], induced pluripotent stem cells [19] or chondrocytes [18], or for various regenerative therapies, in which the cell proliferation is needed, such as healing of cutaneous wounds [20,21], regeneration of damaged or diseased bone tissue [22,24], or treatment of vitiligo, requiring proliferation of melanocytes [26].…”

“…In addition, it is a component of media for the expansion of various cell types, e.g., chondrocytes [18] or induced pluripotent stem cells [19]. FGF-2 has been widely applied in clinical practice, particularly in cutaneous wound healing, such as second-degree burns and chronic ulcers [20,21], and in bone regenerative therapies, such as treatment of bone fractures, osteotomies, and osteonecrosis (for a review, see [22]), or treatment of periodontitis with intrabony defects ( [23]; for a review, see [24]). FGF-2 also proved its efficacy in the treatment of oral lichen planus [25] or vitiligo [26].…”

Application of concentrated growth factor to autotransplantation with inflammation in recipient area

“…The Hagemann factor in the serum initiates and promotes the biochemical activity phase, which leads to the beginning of cellular activity phase. The autologous CGF, thanks to the abundant presence of growth factors, represents a valid aid for the acceleration of the repair processes and the regeneration of hard and soft tissues, in oral surgery [ 33 ]. Among which, PDGF is the earliest growth factor that appears on the wound surface, which can facilitate the chemotaxis and proliferation of cells, increases the synthesis ability of collagen, and stimulate the rapid growth of granulation tissue [ 34 ].…”

“…Among which, PDGF is the earliest growth factor that appears on the wound surface, which can facilitate the chemotaxis and proliferation of cells, increases the synthesis ability of collagen, and stimulate the rapid growth of granulation tissue [ 34 ]. TGF-β, as an important regulatory factor in the process of bone formation and remodeling, controls inflammation through synthetic fibrous connective tissue and local vascular proliferation, and also induces regeneration of alveolar bone [ 33 ]. IGF-1 can enhance the migration, division, proliferation and chemotaxis of related cells, and plays an important role in the growth, remodeling and repair of bone.…”

Clinical application of concentrate growth factors combined with bone substitute in Alveolar ridge preservation of anterior teeth

“…Among which, FGF can accumulate macrophages, broblasts and other cells to the wound site through chemotaxis, thereby promoting wound healing. [26][27] BMP can mediate osteogenesis alone and promote the formation of bone matrix and form calci ed bone tissue when mix with other bone growth factors. TGF-β, as an important regulatory factor in the process of bone formation and remodeling, controls in ammation through synthetic brous connective tissue and local vascular proliferation, and also induces regeneration of alveolar bone.…”