Growth, feed utilization and body composition of tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) fed with cottonseed meal-based diets in a recirculating system

Abstract

The suitability of cottonseed meal (CSM) as a major source of plant protein in feeds for tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) was tested by examining growth and feed intake, feed digestibility, liver gossypol concentrations, feed utilization, and body mineral composition. Juvenile tilapia at an initial average size of 11.8 1.6 g were divided into triplicate groups per dietary treatment and oered ®ve dierent formulated diets. In these feeds ®sh meal (FM) protein was gradually replaced by protein from CSM (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%; diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively). The experiments were conducted in a recirculation system at a water temperature of 27 1°C in glass aquaria for 16 weeks. Tilapia growth did not dier signi®cantly (P > 0.05) with up to 50% substitution of FM with CSM. Fish meal replacement above 50% resulted in signi®cant growth decline with time. Fish fed with 100% FM and diets including 50% CSM had signi®cantly better daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed eciency ratio than those fed with 100% CSM. Fish fed with 75% CSM and above had lower concentrations of body iron, calcium and phosphorus than controls (100% FM). Concentrations of total gossypol in diets (ranging from 0.11 to 0.44% in diets 2±5) resulted in proportional increase of total gossypol in ®sh liver (32.3, 72.3, 99.4 and 132.1 lg g )1 wet weight) in groups fed with diet 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. We concluded that CSM can partially replace FM as a main source of protein in feed for tilapia at not more than 50%. The presence of gossypol in CSM was identi®ed as the major limiting factor for acceptance and utilization of CSM-based diets in tilapia farming. KEY WORDS

Effects of dietary cottonseed meal protein levels on growth and feed utilization of Nile <i>tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L</i>

“…Beyond that level, however, growth was depressed drastically. These results are consistent with similar work done by Mbahinzireki et al (2001) on tilapia and reported depressed growth and even (2000) reported growth retardation and poor feed utilization in tilapia when CSM protein replaced 67% of fish meal protein. Ofojekwu and Ejike (1984) reported that CSM could not be used as a sole protein source for O. niloticus because the fish exhibited poor growth, food conversion and specific growth rate when fed diets with CSM as sole protein source.…”

“…Cottonseed meal (CSM) which is a by-product of cotton after fibre and oil production is often used as a component in domestic animal feeds due to its relatively high protein content. Some work has been done on the nutritional value of cottonseed meal for tilapia (Jackson et al, 1982;1984;El-Sayed, 1990;Mbahinzireki et al, 2001;El-Saidy and Gaber, 2003). Literature on the effects of feeding CSM to tilapia is contradictory.…”

“…Literature on the effects of feeding CSM to tilapia is contradictory. While the majority of investigators have recommended inclusion of CSM at levels not exceeding 50% (Ofojekwu and Ejike, 1984;Mbahinzireki et al, 2001), a few have even indicated that CSM could totally substitute animal protein in tilapia diets (Jackson et al, 1982;ElSayed, 1990). The extent to which CSM may substitute fish meal protein is limited by the level of gossypol and other antinutrients in it (Mbahinzireki et al, 2001).…”

Sequential P Fractionation of Relict Anthropogenic Dark Earths of Amazonia

“…Since these Anthrosols are usually situated on bluffs near rivers (Denevan 1996), fish may have constituted a significant part of the diet. Juvenile tilapia in an aquarium study contained between 20 and 30 g P kg -1 (Mbahinzireki et al 2001). Most of the P (85 %) in fish is found in the skeleton (Lall 1991and Persson 1987cited in Rønsholdt 1995, which can contain as much as 50 g P kg -1 as reported for mackerel (Shimosaka 1999).…”

Agroindustrial byproducts in diets for Nile tilapia juveniles

“…Thus, studies involving the use of agroindustrial byproducts as components of fish diet have become increasingly common (Mbahinzireki et al 2001;Omoregie, 2001;Cheng & Hardy, 2002;Santos et al, 2009;Lopes et al, 2010).…”