Growth hormone responsive neural precursor cells reside within the adult mammalian brain

Blackmore, Daniel G.; Reynolds, Brent A.; Golmohammadi, Mohammad Ghasem; Large, Beatrice; Aguilar, Roberto M.; Haro, Luis S.; Waters, Michael J.; Rietze, Rodney L.

doi:10.1038/srep00250

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In agreement with a more recent [88,89] . Growth hormone (GH) has also been shown in vitro to increase proliferation of neurosphere-derived NPCs by acting directly through the GH receptor [90,91] . In uninjured mice, GH increased NPC proliferation in the SVZ and olfactory bulb when delivered intraventricularly.…”

Section: Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of neural precursor cells in promoting repair following stroke

Dibajnia

Morshead

2012

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of stroke have received considerable attention. Two broad approaches to stem cell-based therapies have been taken: the transplantation of exogenous stem cells, and the activation of endogenous neural stem and progenitor cells (together termed neural precursors). Studies examining the transplantation of exogenous cells have demonstrated that neural stem and progenitor cells lead to the most clinically promising results. Endogenous activation of neural precursors has also been explored based on the fact that resident precursor cells have the inherent capacity to proliferate, migrate and differentiate into mature neurons in the uninjured adult brain. Studies have revealed that these neural precursor cell behaviours can be activated following stroke, whereby neural precursors will expand in number, migrate to the infarct site and differentiate into neurons. However, this innate response is insufficient to lead to functional recovery, making it necessary to enhance the activation of endogenous precursors to promote tissue repair and functional recovery. Herein we will discuss the current state of the stem cell-based approaches with a focus on endogenous repair to treat the stroke injured brain.

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Section: Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of neural precursor cells in promoting repair following stroke

Dibajnia

Morshead

2012

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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“…The presence of GH receptors in neural stem cells suggests the ability of GH to regulate their activities 34 . Blackmore and his colleagues showed that a seven-day intracerebroventricular infusion of GH increases neural stem cell numbers and augments neurogenesis activity in vitro 35 . Furthermore, GH treatment promotes the proliferation and survival of hippocampal progenitors 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of intra-hippocampal injection of human recombinant growth hormone on synaptic plasticity in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis-lesioned aged rats

Malek

Sarkaki

Zahediasl

et al. 2017

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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REVIEW Effect of intra-hippocampal injection of human recombinant growth hormone on synaptic plasticity in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis-lesioned aged ratsEfeito da injeção intrahipocampal de hormônio do crescimento humano recombinante sobre a plasticidade sináptica em ratos envelhecidos lesados do núcleo basalis magnocellularis Many common age-related problems are due to neuroendocrine phenomena including memory impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD) 1 . Alzheimer's disease is a senile neurodegenerative disorder with specific pathological changes in the brain that can cause progressive dementia 2 and is characterized by serious memory problems 3 . The causes and mechanisms of AD are still under intensive investigation 4 . According to the cholinergic hypothesis, high destruction of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, particularly the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM), have been seen in ABSTRACTIn this study, we proposed that administration of hippocampal growth hormone in ageing animals with growth hormone deficiency can compensate long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity in nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM)-lesioned rats. Aged male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (seven in each) of sham-operated healthy rats (Cont); NBM-lesioned rats (L); NBM-lesioned rats and intrahippocampal injection of growth hormone vehicle (L + Veh); NBM-lesioned and intrahippocampal injection of growth hormone (10, 20 and 40 µg.2 µl-1) (L + GH). In vivo electrophysiological recording techniques were used to characterize maintenance of long-term potentiation at distinct times (1, 2, 3, 24 and 48 hours) after high-frequency stimulation. The population spike was enhanced significantly for about 48 hours following tetanic stimulation in rats treated with a dose-dependent growth hormone compared to the vehicle group (p < 0.05), possibly through neuronal plasticity and neurogenesis in affected areas.Keywords: growth hormone; hippocampus; basal nucleus of Meynert; long-term potentiation; Alzheimer disease; cognition disorders. RESUMONeste estudo, propusemos que a administração de hormônio hipocampal do crescimento em animais envelhecidos com deficiência de hormônio do crescimento pode compensar a potencialização em longo prazo e a plasticidade sináptica em ratos lesados do núcleo basalis magnocellularis (NBM). Ratos machos Wistar foram divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos (sete ratos em cada grupo) de ratos falso-operados saudáveis (Cont); ratos lesados do NBM (L); ratos lesados do NBM e injeção intrahipocampal de veículo de hormônio do crescimento (L + Veh); ratos lesados do NBM e injeção de hormônio do crescimento (10, 20 e 40 μg.2 μl-1) (L + GH). Técnicas de registro eletrofisiológico in vivo foram utilizadas para caracterizar a manutenção da potencialização em longo prazo em momentos distintos (1, 2, 3, 24 e 48 horas) após estimulação de alta frequência. O pico populacional aumentou significativamente cerca de 48 horas após a estimulação tetânica em ratos tratados com um hormônio do crescimento...

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“…These two brain areas express GHR mRNA (Bennett et al 1996, Minami et al 2006 in different cells types including astrocytes (Lobie et al 1993, Blackmore et al 2012. GRLN-R1a is also located in both the CNS and the periphery (Zigman et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of GH and GH-releasing peptide-6 on astrocytes

Baquedano¹,

Chowen²,

Argente³

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

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GH and GH secretagogues (GHSs) are involved in many cellular activities such as stimulation of mitosis, proliferation and differentiation. As astrocytes are involved in developmental and protective functions, our aim was to analyse the effects of GH and GH-releasing hexapeptide on astrocyte proliferation and differentiation in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Treatment of adult male Wistar rats with GH (i.v., 100 mg/day) for 1 week increased the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and decreased the levels of vimentin in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. These changes were not accompanied by increased proliferation. By contrast, GH-releasing hexapeptide (i.v., 150 mg/day) did not affect GFAP levels but increased proliferation in the areas studied. To further study the intracellular mechanisms involved in these effects, we treated C6 astrocytoma cells with GH or GH-releasing hexapeptide and the phosphatidylinositol 3 0 -kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002, and observed that the presence of this inhibitor reverted the increase in GFAP levels induced by GH and the proliferation induced by GH-releasing hexapeptide. We conclude that although GH-releasing hexapeptide is a GHS, it may exert GH-independent effects centrally on astrocytes when administered i.v., although the effects of both substances appear to be mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway.

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Growth hormone responsive neural precursor cells reside within the adult mammalian brain

Cited by 31 publications

References 57 publications

Role of neural precursor cells in promoting repair following stroke

Role of neural precursor cells in promoting repair following stroke

Effect of intra-hippocampal injection of human recombinant growth hormone on synaptic plasticity in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis-lesioned aged rats

Differential effects of GH and GH-releasing peptide-6 on astrocytes

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