Growth in head size during infancy: Implications for sound localization.

Clifton, Rachel K.; Gwiazda, Jane; Bauer, Joseph A.; Clarkson, Marsha G.; Held, Richard

doi:10.1037/0012-1649.24.4.477

Cited by 65 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For example, using the temporal difference in the arrival time of sound at the two ears to localize an auditory stimulus requires information about the distance between the ears (Clifton et al, 1988).…”

Section: Statement Of Public Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the internal geometry of tactile space.

Longo¹,

Голубова²

2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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A large body of research has shown spatial distortions in the perception of tactile distances on the skin. For example, perceived tactile distance is increased on sensitive compared to less sensitive skin regions, and larger for stimuli oriented along the medio-lateral axis than the proximo-distal axis of the limbs. In this study we aimed to investigate the spatial coherence of these distortions by reconstructing the internal geometry of tactile space using multidimensional scaling (MDS). Participants made verbal estimates of the perceived distance between 2 touches applied sequentially to locations on their left hand. In Experiment 1 we constructed perceptual maps of the dorsum of the left hand, which showed a good fit to the actual configuration of stimulus locations. Critically, these maps also showed clear evidence of spatial distortion, being stretched along the medio-lateral hand axis. Experiment 2 replicated this result and showed that no such distortion is apparent on the palmar surface of the hand. These results show that distortions in perceived tactile distance can be characterized by geometrically simple and coherent deformations of tactile space. We suggest that the internal geometry of tactile space is shaped by the geometry of receptive fields in somatosensory cortex.

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Section: Statement Of Public Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the internal geometry of tactile space.

Longo¹,

Голубова²

2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…However, the monaural and binaural cue values corresponding to particular directions in space depend on the size, shape, and separation of the ears and may vary markedly between different individuals (26) and even between the left and right sides of the same subject (27). The cue values also undergo substantial changes during development as the head and external ears grow (1,28,29). These changes may contribute to the steady improvement in the ability of human infants to localize sound with increasing age (30).…”

Section: Learning To Localize With Your Own Earsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity in the neural coding of auditory space in the mammalian brain

King

Parsons

Moore

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

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Sound localization relies on the neural processing of monaural and binaural spatial cues that arise from the way sounds interact with the head and external ears. Neurophysiological studies of animals raised with abnormal sensory inputs show that the map of auditory space in the superior colliculus is shaped during development by both auditory and visual experience. An example of this plasticity is provided by monaural occlusion during infancy, which leads to compensatory changes in auditory spatial tuning that tend to preserve the alignment between the neural representations of visual and auditory space. Adaptive changes also take place in sound localization behavior, as demonstrated by the fact that ferrets raised and tested with one ear plugged learn to localize as accurately as control animals. In both cases, these adjustments may involve greater use of monaural spectral cues provided by the other ear. Although plasticity in the auditory space map seems to be restricted to development, adult ferrets show some recovery of sound localization behavior after long-term monaural occlusion. The capacity for behavioral adaptation is, however, task dependent, because auditory spatial acuity and binaural unmasking (a measure of the spatial contribution to the "cocktail party effect") are permanently impaired by chronically plugging one ear, both in infancy but especially in adulthood. Experience-induced plasticity allows the neural circuitry underlying sound localization to be customized to individual characteristics, such as the size and shape of the head and ears, and to compensate for natural conductive hearing losses, including those associated with middle ear disease in infancy. C onsiderable plasticity exists in the neural circuits that process sensory information. Although plasticity is greatest during development, certain aspects of the mature brain maintain the capacity to reorganize in response to changes in the activity patterns of sensory inputs. Experience-mediated plasticity is most commonly associated with higher-level response properties that are generated within the brain by serial stages of computation. One of the best examples is provided by the neural mechanisms underlying sound localization, which are adapted by experience to the features of the individual.Identifying the location of sounds produced by potential mates, prey, or predators is one of the most important functions of the auditory system. This ability relies on the extraction of direction-dependent cues generated by the head, torso, and external ears. For localization in the horizontal plane, the separation of the two ears allows mammals to use interaural time differences (ITDs) at low frequencies and interaural level differences (ILDs) at high frequencies (1, 2). These binaural cues also contribute to the ability of listeners to detect and discriminate signals of interest against a background of masking noise (3).ITDs and ILDs do not, by themselves, provide a sufficient basis for localizing a sound source. For individual frequencies, bo...

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“…For example, auditory localization requires representations of the distance between the two ears, and the shape of the pinna (Aslin, Pisoni, & Jusczyk, 1983;Clifton et al, 1988).…”

Section: Body Referencing Of Somatic Sensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than skin deep: Body representation beyond primary somatosensory cortex

2010

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The neural circuits underlying initial sensory processing of somatic information are relatively well understood. In contrast, the processes that go beyond primary somatosensation to create more abstract representations related to the body are less clear. In this review, we focus on two classes of higher-order processing beyond somatosensation. Somatoperception refers to the process of perceiving the body itself, and particularly of ensuring somatic perceptual constancy.We review three key elements of somatoperception: (a) remapping information from the body surface into an egocentric reference frame (b) exteroceptive perception of objects in the external world through their contact with the body and (c) interoceptive percepts about the nature and state of the body itself. Somatorepresentation, in contrast, refers to the essentially cognitive process of constructing semantic knowledge and attitudes about the body, including: (d) lexicalsemantic knowledge about bodies generally and one's own body specifically, (e) configural knowledge about the structure of bodies, (f) emotions and attitudes directed towards one's own body, and (g) the link between physical body and psychological self. We review a wide range of neuropsychological, neuroimaging and neurophysiological data to explore the dissociation between these different aspects of higher somatosensory function.Body Beyond SI 3

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Growth in head size during infancy: Implications for sound localization.

Cited by 65 publications

References 27 publications

Mapping the internal geometry of tactile space.

Mapping the internal geometry of tactile space.

Plasticity in the neural coding of auditory space in the mammalian brain

More than skin deep: Body representation beyond primary somatosensory cortex

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