Growth kinetics and determination of shape and size of small and large avocado fruits cultivar ‘Hass’ on the tree

Zilkah, S.; Klein, I.

doi:10.1016/0304-4238(87)90086-0

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The entire period of fruit growth is accompanied by significant changes in cellular structures, which result in observed changes in fruit size and shape. In the avocado, for instance, cell division continues throughout fruit ontogeny, albeit at a slower rate during the latter stages of development (Zilkah and Klein 1987;Cowan 1997). The growth of the ovary may cease at the time of, or before, anthesis, or continue for a time after anthesis and prior to pollination.…”

Section: A Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit Growth Measurement and Analysis

Opara¹

1999

Horticultural Reviews

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Section: A Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit Growth Measurement and Analysis

Opara¹

1999

Horticultural Reviews

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“…cv Hass) is known to be problematic with regard to fruit size. 'Hass' trees produce two populations of fruits, namely normal (NF) and phenotypically small fruit (SF), with no obvious pattern of distribution on the tree (Zilkah and Klein 1987;Cowan et al 1997). Remarkably, even under favorable conditions, a high portion of 'Hass' SF is produced, a phenomena which has facilitated the use of this cultivar as an attractive experimental model to study mechanisms controlling avocado fruit development (Cowan et al 1997(Cowan et al , 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proposed conserved role for an avocado fw2.2-like gene as a negative regulator of fruit cell division

Dahan

Rosenfeld

Zadiranov

et al. 2010

Planta

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Previous studies using 'Hass' avocado and its small fruit (SF) phenotype as a model showed that SF is limited by cell number, not by cell size. In an attempt to explore the molecular mechanisms regulating avocado fruit cell division, we isolated four distinct avocado cell proliferation-related genes and investigated their expression characteristics, comparing normal fruit (NF) and SF developmental patterns. Three cDNAs termed PaCYCA1, PaCYCB1 and PaPCNA, encoding two mitotic cyclins and a proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), were first isolated from young NF tissues. The accumulation of their transcripts was predominant in mitotically active organs, including young fruitlets, leaves and roots. Furthermore, a fourth full-length cDNA, designated Pafw2.2-like, encoding a FW2.2 (fruit-weight)-like protein, was isolated from SF tissues. FW2.2 is postulated to function as a negative regulator of cell division in tomato fruit. Remarkably, northern analysis revealed that the accumulation of the mitotic cyclins and of PCNA transcripts gradually decreased in NF tissues during growth, whereas in SF, their levels had already decreased at earlier stages of fruit development, concomitant with an earlier arrest of fruit cell division activity. In contrast, parallel sq-RT-PCR analysis showed that Pafw2.2-like mRNA accumulation was considerably higher in SF tissues than in the same NF tissues essentially at all examined stages of fruit growth. Together, our data suggest essential roles for the two mitotic cyclins genes and the PCNA gene in regulating avocado fruit development. Furthermore, the possibility that Pafw2.2-like acts as does fw2.2 in tomato, is discussed.

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“…produces both normal and phenotypically small fruit (Zilkah andKlein 1987, Moore-Gordon et al 1998) and as such, presents an ideal system with which to study detailed aspects of the metabolic control of fruit growth and hence fruit size. Recently we showed that growth of the 'Hass' small-fruit variant was limited by cell number and not by cell size, and that these fruits had reduced microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) activity and increased abscisic acid (ABA) content .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting ‘Hass’ avocado fruit size: Carbohydrate, abscisic acid and isoprenoid metabolism in normal and phenotypically small fruit

Richings¹,

Cripps²,

Cowan³

2000

Physiologia Plantarum

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respiration and both seed and mesocarp tissue showed increased Carbohydrate and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism were inves-ABA metabolism. Applied ABA caused an increase in insoluble tigated in normal and phenotypically small 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit in an attempt to link alterations acid invertase activity in seed tissue of normal fruit while mevastatin reduced HMGR activity in this tissue, caused in sugar and ABA content with changes in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR, EC 1.1.1.34) activity sucrose depletion and increased the proportion of glucose from 5 to 57% of total soluble sugars. Exogenous glucose suppressed and fruit size. The small-fruit phenotype was characterized by reduced seed HMGR activity, increased seed insoluble acid HMGR activity in seed tissue whereas in mesocarp tissue, invertase (-D-fructofuranosidase, EC 3.2.1.26), decreased su-HMGR activity was reduced to 38% of the control after 6 h but enhanced by 46% by 48 h. Glucose increased ABA crose synthase (SS; UDP-D-glucose:D-fructose-2--glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.13) activity, decreased sucrose content, biosynthesis and turnover in competent tissues. These results and increased glucose as a proportion of the total soluble sugar. suggest that ABA turnover is mediated, in part, by carbohydrate content and composition which also affects HMGR Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; UDP-D-glucose:D-fructose 6-phosphate 2--D-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.14) activity activity. It is proposed that sugar and ABA signals act in was unaffected in seed but reduced in mesocarp of the small concert to modulate expression and/or activity of HMGR in the control of 'Hass' avocado fruit growth and final fruit size. fruit. In addition, the small-fruit variant displayed enhanced appearance of symptoms associated with the small-fruit variant, in particular early seed coat senescence , Moore-Gordon et al. 1998. The effect of these compounds was negated when either mevastatin or ABA was co-injected with the cytokinin (CK) isopentenyladenine (2iP).HMGR catalyses the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) to mevalonic acid (MVA), the precursor of the cytosolic isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway which also gives rise to the side chain of CK. By comparison, ABA is formed from chloroplast-synthesized carotenoids (Cowan and

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Growth kinetics and determination of shape and size of small and large avocado fruits cultivar ‘Hass’ on the tree

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

Fruit Growth Measurement and Analysis

Fruit Growth Measurement and Analysis

A proposed conserved role for an avocado fw2.2-like gene as a negative regulator of fruit cell division

Factors affecting ‘Hass’ avocado fruit size: Carbohydrate, abscisic acid and isoprenoid metabolism in normal and phenotypically small fruit

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