Growth, maturity, germination and storage of litchi seeds

Ray, P. K.; Sharma, Stuti

doi:10.1016/0304-4238(87)90069-0

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Ray and Sharma (1985) reported greater retention of viability in seeds stored in water rather than in air. Ray and Sharma (1987) also reported 42% viability up to 24 days when seeds had been left in the fruit that was held in polyethylene bags following treatment with 0.05% methyl 1,2benzimidazole carbamate (benomyl) and 6% wax emulsion. Cull and Paxton (1982) were able to retain viability for 1 or 2 weeks when stored in the fruit or in moist peatmoss in a freezer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Characteristics of Litchi Seed Germination

Prasad¹,

Kumar²,

Mishra³

et al. 1996

HortSci

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Seed germination of four Litchi chinensis Sonn. cultivars (`Deshi', `Kasba', `Purbi', and `Early Bedana') was studied under various conditions, viz. in soil beds exposed to sunlight or in shade, in sand beds exposed to sunlight or in shade, and on moist filter paper. Among all, shaded, humid sand at 35 ± 2C gave the highest germination. Delaying sowing seeds after removal from the fruit significantly reduced germination. Litchi seeds held in polyethylene bags up to 4 days at 37 ± 2C at 90% relative humidity delayed loss of seed viability. Germination was improved by ethephon in `Deshi' and `Early Bedana', by IBA in `Deshi' and `Purbi', and by 100 mm GA3 in all litchi cultivars. Cultivars responded differently to growth regulators, with `Deshi' responding significantly better than `Purbi', `Kasba', or `Early Bedana'. These studies point to the recalcitrant nature of litchi seeds. Chemical names used: gibberellic acid (GA3); indole butyric acid (IBA); 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Characteristics of Litchi Seed Germination

Prasad¹,

Kumar²,

Mishra³

et al. 1996

HortSci

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“…Litchi and longan seeds are typical recalcitrant seeds and have a very short life span after release [18][19][20]. Their trees grow in tropical and subtropical environments and their fruits develop and mature in April to September, the most hot and rainy season of the year (Figure 1B), like other plant species with recalcitrant seeds [35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Litchi and longan seeds are typical recalcitrant seeds sensitive to water loss and vigor loss [18][19][20]. Recalcitrant seeds are much more likely to be dispersed in the wet season and can immediately germinate when there is adequate water in the environment [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar Receding in Aril Benefits the Recalcitrant Seeds of Litchi (Litchi chinensis) and Longan (Dimocarpus longan) to Cope with Dry Spells after Maturation

Guo,

He,

Yang

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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Litchi and longan are tropic/subtropic fruits harboring recalcitrant seeds that are covered with sugar-rich arils as the edible part. A rapid sugar content decline, called sugar receding, in the arils after the fruit maturation largely reduces the fruit quality, however, the mechanism is unclear. Litchi and longan fruits grow and mature in a hot and rainy season with dry spells between rainfalls. Here, we found that the seed maturation was around 2 weeks earlier than the fruit maturation, after which the sugar contents of the arils significantly decreased, while the fruits could stay on the tree for 1–2 months with high seed vigor. A continuously low-level fruit drop after the seed maturation resulted in continuous seed germination and seedling establishment in around 2–3 months. Blocking assimilate supply by storage of detached fruits or on-tree girdling-plus-defoliation for 7 days, the aril sugar contents of the treated fruits significantly decreased, while the sugar levels and vigor of the seeds increased, implying that the arils are sugar sources to maintain or even enhance the seed vigor and suggesting that sugar receding in arils benefits the recalcitrant seeds of litchi and longan to cope with dry spells after maturation.

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“…They quickly lose their viability if allowed to dry out after extraction from the fruits. Litchi seeds completely lost viability when they were kept outdoors for 2 d or indoors for 6 d (Ray and Sharma, 1987). Xia et al (1990) found that litchi seeds germinated fully when harvested at 10 d before fruit maturity or at fruit ripening time, but entirely lost seed viability after 6 d of natural drying.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xia et al (1990) found that litchi seeds germinated fully when harvested at 10 d before fruit maturity or at fruit ripening time, but entirely lost seed viability after 6 d of natural drying. Ray and Sharma (1987) pointed out that seed germinability was positively correlated with seed moisture content above the critical limit of 20% moisture content. Therefore, the seed moisture content must be retained to ensure high seed germination rates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soaking, Temperature, and Seed Placement Affect Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of Litchi chinensis

Zhang¹,

Wu²,

Fu³

et al. 2015

horts

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To find efficient ways to increase the percentage of seed germination and seedling emergence in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), we investigated the effects of soaking and high temperature on seed germination, as well as the influence of seed placement (orientation and burial depth) on seedling emergence. Seeds of most tested litchi cultivars soaked in water had a better germination performance than seeds without soaking. More than 90% germination of tested litchi seeds was obtained when the soaking times were 26–54 hours. During presprouting, short-term high temperatures (37–44 °C) exerted a negative effect on seed germination rate, but did not influence the germination percentage. In addition, high temperatures (>42 °C) compromised the further growth of sprouted litchi seeds. Burial depth and seed orientation both significantly influenced the seedling recruitment. There was a reduction in seedling emergence with an increase in burial depth. Seeds at the depth of 2 cm showed the best seedling emergence with an average percentage of 90%. Litchi seedling emergence was greatest and most rapid when seeds were sown 2 cm deep, positioned flat, on their sides, and with the radicle oriented downward.

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Growth, maturity, germination and storage of litchi seeds

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

Characteristics of Litchi Seed Germination

Characteristics of Litchi Seed Germination

Sugar Receding in Aril Benefits the Recalcitrant Seeds of Litchi (Litchi chinensis) and Longan (Dimocarpus longan) to Cope with Dry Spells after Maturation

Soaking, Temperature, and Seed Placement Affect Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of Litchi chinensis

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