“…6), and the growth conditions is a key advantage of epitaxial growth. 172,[247][248][249][250][251][252][253] Orientation control is vital to the preparation of samples suitable for establishing the intrinsic properties of materials, especially those that cannot be prepared as bulk single crystals due to their metastability, high melting temperatures, or phase transitions that occur on cooling. When it comes to applications, techniques that can improve the functional properties of oxide films by controlling film texture through epitaxial growth on a grain-by-grain basis (local epitaxy) are also utilized, e.g., ion-beam-assisted deposition 254,255 and rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates 256,257 for the growth of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 superconducting cables 258 as well as Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 in FeRAMs.…”