Growth of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Monolayer Cultures of Calf Thyroid Cells

Snowdon, W. A.

doi:10.1038/2101079a0

Cited by 180 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Fore-and machine milk were compared as both might be submitted for diagnostic evaluation and the phase of milking or a differing extent of contamination from teat vesicles might affect the virus concentration. These samples (and corresponding fractions: skim milk, cream and cellular pellet) were tested by quantitative rRT-PCR assay, targeting the 5'untranslated region of FMDV and were tested in parallel by VI [17] in order to compare the performance of rRT-PCR with an established diagnostic method with high sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utility of automated real-time RT-PCR for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk

et al. 2006

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-Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can be excreted in milk and thereby spread infection to susceptible animals in other holdings. The feasibility of using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) as a diagnostic tool for detection of FMDV in milk was assessed by studying the excretion of virus from experimentally-infected cattle. Fore-and machine milk samples were collected over a 4-week period from two dairy cows infected with FMDV and from two in-contact cows held in the same pen. The whole, skim, cream and cellular debris components of the milks were tested by automated rRT-PCR and results compared to virus isolation (VI) in cell culture. The onset of clinical signs of FMD in all four cows correlated with viraemia, and the presence of FMDV in other clinical samples. rRT-PCR results matched closely with VI in detecting FMDV in all milk components and generally coincided with, but did not consistently precede, the onset of clinical signs. rRT-PCR detected FMDV in milk up to 23 days post inoculation which was longer than VI. Furthermore, the detection limit of FMDV in milk was greater by rRT-PCR than VI and, in contrast to VI, rRT-PCR detected virus genome following heat treatment that simulated pasteurisation. rRT-PCR was also able to detect FMDV in preservativetreated milk. In conclusion, this study showed that automated rRT-PCR is quicker and more sensitive than VI and can be used to detect FMDV in whole milk as well as milk fractions from infected animals. milk / milk components / foot-and-mouth disease virus / real-time RT-PCR / pasteurisation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparative titrations of the samples were performed in primary calf thyroid (CTY) cells [17]. Tenfold dilution series were made in 0.04 M phosphate buffer and inoculated onto cell monolayers (prewashed with PBS) grown in plastic cell culture tubes (0.2 mL per tube, 3-5 tubes per serial tenfold dilution).…”

Section: Virus Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of automated real-time RT-PCR for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk

et al. 2006

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“…Virus assay Samples were assayed by inoculation of unweaned mice (Skinner, 1951) and calf thyroid tissue culture tubes (Snowdon, 1966). Specificity of reaction was checked by complement fixation and further passage.…”

Section: Animals Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne excretion of foot-and-mouth disease virus

1969

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus may spread in a number of ways: by direct contact between infected and susceptible animals, by animal products such as meat and milk, by mechanical transfer on people, non-susceptible animals, birds, vehicles and fomites, and by the airborne route. The initial pattern of outbreaks at the beginning of the epidemic in the West Midlands of England in 1967 suggested that spread was airborne. The meteorological evidence for this and for past epidemics in Great Britain has been investigated by L. P. Smith, P. B. Wright and M. Hugh-Jones (personal communications, 1968-9) and by Hurst (1968). Henderson (1969) has also studied the spread of disease in the Worcestershire area and attributed much of it to wind carriage. Methods and results of aerosol sampling of virus and infected cattle were reported by Thorne & Burrows (1960) and by Hyslop (1965). In this paper the results are given of the measurement of virus in aerosols produced by cattle, sheep and pigs infected with FMD virus.

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“…Although, as mentioned by Snowdon (1966) the infected thyroid tissue culture maintenance fluid containing 3 % ox serum is generally a satisfactory antigen in complement fixation tests, it has on occasion been found to be anticomplementary. For this reason, and to avoid any possible non-specific inhibition of the minimal virus in oesophageal/pharyngeal samples, ox serum was omitted from the maintenance medium after inoculation of the tubes.…”

Section: Isolation Of Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…x 1 in. tubes on roller drums as described by Snowdon (1966) of virus from oesophageal/pharyngeal samples, but also in addition to other systems, for the isolation of virus present often in only minimal quantities from samples of epithelium submitted from the field for typing.…”

Section: Isolation Of Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The isolation and characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus from clinically normal herds of cattle in Botswana

Hedger

1968

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe results of a survey of the foot-and-mouth disease carrier state in three localities of an FMD enzootic area of Botswana are presented. The collection, storage and handling of the samples is mentioned and the isolation of virus on calf thyroid monolayer tissue cultures is described. Type SAT 3 virus was isolated from up to 20% of the animals sampled at periods between 7 and 12 months after natural infection. Sera were tested for all the animals from which virus was recovered and compared with similar numbers of sera from virus-negative animals. No correlation was found between the carrier state and serum antibody titres.Antigenic studies are described which indicated not only an antigenic variation of some carrier viruses isolated from the outbreak strain but also antigenic differences between strains of carrier virus from different animals in the same herd. There was no evidence at the time of sampling of the persistence as carrier virus of the attenuated vaccine strains of FMDV used previously in the cattle sampled.The results suggest that transference of carrier virus from animal to animal may occur in the absence of clinical infection.

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Growth of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Monolayer Cultures of Calf Thyroid Cells

Cited by 180 publications

References 8 publications

Utility of automated real-time RT-PCR for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk

Utility of automated real-time RT-PCR for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk

Airborne excretion of foot-and-mouth disease virus

The isolation and characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus from clinically normal herds of cattle in Botswana

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