2007
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/40/14/036
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Growth of liquid bridge in AFM

Abstract: Capillary forces are dominant in adhesive forces measured with an atomic force microscope (AFM) in ambient air, which are thought to be dependent on water film thickness, relative humidity and the free energy of the water film. In this paper, besides these factors, we study the nature of the ‘pull-off’ force on a variety of atmospheres as a function of the contact time. It is found that capillary forces strongly depend on the contact time. In lower relative humidity atmosphere, the adhesion force is almost ind… Show more

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Cited by 139 publications
(102 citation statements)
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“…This argument has been claimed to explain adhesion experiments with micron spheres showing a threshold humidity, above which the meniscus is formed [ 137 ]. Viscous drainage from adjacent water films is proposed to contribute to slow formation of capillary bridges [138,139].…”
Section: Capillary Bridges and Water Flowmentioning
confidence: 93%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…This argument has been claimed to explain adhesion experiments with micron spheres showing a threshold humidity, above which the meniscus is formed [ 137 ]. Viscous drainage from adjacent water films is proposed to contribute to slow formation of capillary bridges [138,139].…”
Section: Capillary Bridges and Water Flowmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…It can also complement the explanation of a threshold in adhesion experiments between smooth surfaces [108,138,144], in which a minimum wetting film is claimed to be necessary for the formation of the capillary bridge. On the other hand, if suction is slow, it may contribute to sluggish growth of bridges [138,139,145], also leading to aging phenomena [30,39,146], which is often attributed to thermally activated capillary condensation [39,146]. Nanoscale topology and capillarity will have a great impact on imbibition and drainage in particulate media [147,148], fabrication and deterioration of building materials [149], water retention in soils [150] and water treatment [ 151 ].…”
Section: Capillary Bridges and Water Flowmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The existence of a liquid bridge between two objects results in the forming of capillary force (Wei and Zhao 2007). The existence of capillary force even in low relative humidity is observed experimentally (Zwol et al 2008).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…In these experiments the sample was scanned fully vertically instead of scanning orthogonally to the AFM cantilever plane. The speed of the sample vertical movement was less than 10 nm/s, and the tip-sample contact time of several seconds before retraction should be long enough for the liquid bridge to stabilize [6]. The velocity of the tip apex relative to sample was more variable due to the variable bending of the probe cantilever by the interaction forces, especially during snap-in and pull-off type events.…”
Section: Silicon Probe and Samplementioning
confidence: 99%