“…It can also complement the explanation of a threshold in adhesion experiments between smooth surfaces [108,138,144], in which a minimum wetting film is claimed to be necessary for the formation of the capillary bridge. On the other hand, if suction is slow, it may contribute to sluggish growth of bridges [138,139,145], also leading to aging phenomena [30,39,146], which is often attributed to thermally activated capillary condensation [39,146]. Nanoscale topology and capillarity will have a great impact on imbibition and drainage in particulate media [147,148], fabrication and deterioration of building materials [149], water retention in soils [150] and water treatment [ 151 ].…”