Growth of oriented niobium bicrystals by arc-zone melting

Some Features of Growing Single Crystals of Refractory Metals from the Melt

“…Consider the specific advantages and disadvantages of both groups. There is a lot of information on getting oriented bicrystals of various metals and alloys by sintering or diffusion welding [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Using this method to obtain bicrystals usually leads to the fact that boundaries contain a substantial amount of pores and oxide inclusions.…”

“…This leads both to an increased density of dislocations and low quality of the grown bicrystals. The original method of growing bicrystals of niobium by electron-beam zone melting is described in [38]. The essence of this method consists in the following.…”