“…And, the N1s signal located at about 399.7 eV might be due to the amine & amide groups [24], which were formed when the carboxylic acid groups in polypyrrole-3-carboxylic acid were coupled with the amine groups in 5-Amine-1,10-phenanthroline molecules. The reaction between poly (pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid) and 5-Amine-1,10-phenanthroline was also be confirmed by the appearance of the pyridinic N 1s signal located at 399 eV [24]. Moreover, low intensity of the quaternary N 1s peak signal with the binding energy (BE) of 401.3 eV [25] can also be observed, largely due to the by-product of O-acylisourea, which was formed as the EDAC was used as the catalyst for the reaction between the carboxyl groups and the primary amines.…”