Growth of Single-Crystal Pyrite Films by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

Takahashi, Naoyuki; Nakatani, Yusuke; Yatomi, Takuma; Nakamura, Takato

doi:10.1021/cm0210243

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Among these applications, many require the metal pyrites to be synthesized as high‐quality thin films ,. Typical thin‐film synthesis approaches include the direct sputtering and chemical vapor deposition of the targeted sulfides or via sulfurization from the corresponding metals or oxides . But these approaches generally have limitations in film quality (e.g., impurity and roughness) and process controllability.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Layer Deposition of the Metal Pyrites FeS₂, CoS₂, and NiS₂

Guo

Wang

2018

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of the pyrite-type metal disulfides FeS , CoS , and NiS is reported for the first time. The deposition processes use iron, cobalt, and nickel amidinate compounds as the corresponding metal precursors and the H S plasma as the sulfur source. All the processes are demonstrated to follow ideal self-limiting ALD growth behavior to produce fairly pure, smooth, well-crystallized, stoichiometric pyrite FeS , CoS , and NiS films. By these processes, the FeS , CoS , and NiS films can also be uniformly and conformally deposited into deep narrow trenches with aspect ratios as high as 10:1, which thereby highlights the broad and promising applicability of these ALD processes for conformal film coatings on complex high-aspect-ratio 3D architectures in general.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Layer Deposition of the Metal Pyrites FeS₂, CoS₂, and NiS₂

Guo

Wang

2018

Angew Chem Int Ed

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“…Where hν is the photon energy, α is the absorption coefficient, A is constant, n =2 for an indirect allowed transition and n =

1 / 2

for direct allowed transition. Thicker films with enlarged grain size have lower band gap values while quantum confinement effect enhances bandgap value . The pyrite absorption edge is assigned to a transition between the Fe 3d (t ag ) and e g states and temperature dependent bandgap for several semiconductors given by the empirical Varshni relation :

true E_{0} ((), T) = E_{0} ((), 0) - a \frac{T^{2}}{T + b}

…”

Section: Pyrite Thin Films For Photovoltaicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2018

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Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) are of special interest in energy conversion and storage devices. Amongst all sulfides, fool's gold or iron pyrite (FeS 2 ) is potentially an attractive candidate for photovoltaic applications. Iron pyrite has risen to prominence due to its distinct properties and abundance in nature to meet the large scale needs. It is considered as environmentally benign solar absorber material with high absorption coefficient, α > 6 x10 5 cm À 1 for λ � 700 nm and suitable energy bandgap (E g = 0.95 eV). Numerous physical and chemical methods have been employed to deposit nanocrystalline pyrite thin films directly from source materials or indirectly by sulfuration. This review gives an overview of pyrite as a low cost photovoltaic absorber material for contemporary solar cell structures. In addition, practical approaches like the rational design of nanocomposites, band gap engineering and nanostructure synthesis of pyrite for improving its properties particularly photovoltaic properties are also deliberated. Moreover, limitations, challenges, remedies and prospects of pyrite as potential photovoltaic material are also reviewed to further advance the development of pyrite-based solar cell configurations.[a] Dr.at a low precursor concentration, pyrite nanocubes (125-250 nm in 20-180 min) were obtained due to low nuclei concentration and slow growth (diffusion limited) in quasiequilibrium. The anisotropic structures nanodendrites were 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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“…These authors later extended their approach to grow micron‐thick pyrite epilayers on silicon (100) substrates at 400 °C. These films showed an S:Fe ratio of 1.98, n ‐type conductivity, and Hall mobilities as high as 280 cm 2 V −1 s −1 58. This remarkable epilayer result has apparently not been pursued further or reproduced by other groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Atmospheric‐Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Iron Pyrite Thin Films

Berry

Cheng

Perkins

et al. 2012

Advanced Energy Materials

156

164

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Iron pyrite (cubic FeS 2 ) is a promising candidate absorber material for earth-abundant thin-fi lm solar cells. In this report, single-phase, large-grain, and uniform polycrystalline pyrite thin fi lms are fabricated on glass and molybdenum-coated glass substrates by atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (AP-CVD) using the reaction of iron(III) acetylacetonate and tert -butyl disulfi de in argon at 300 ° C, followed by sulfur annealing at 500-550 ° C to convert marcasite impurities to pyrite. The pyrite-marcasite phase composition depends strongly on the concentration of sodium in the growth substrate and the sulfur partial pressure during annealing. Phase and elemental composition of the fi lms are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The in-plane electrical properties are surprisingly insensitive to phase and elemental impurities, with all fi lms showing p -type, thermally activated transport with a small activation energy ( ≈ 30 meV), a roomtemperature resistivity of ≈ 1 Ω cm, and low mobility. These ubiquitous electrical properties may result from robust surface effects. These CVD pyrite thin fi lms are well suited to fundamental electrical studies and the fabrication of pyrite photovoltaic device stacks.

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Growth of Single-Crystal Pyrite Films by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Atomic Layer Deposition of the Metal Pyrites FeS₂, CoS₂, and NiS₂

Atomic Layer Deposition of the Metal Pyrites FeS₂, CoS₂, and NiS₂

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

Atmospheric‐Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Iron Pyrite Thin Films

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Growth of Single-Crystal Pyrite Films by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Atomic Layer Deposition of the Metal Pyrites FeS2, CoS2, and NiS2

Atomic Layer Deposition of the Metal Pyrites FeS2, CoS2, and NiS2

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

Atmospheric‐Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Iron Pyrite Thin Films

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Product

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Atomic Layer Deposition of the Metal Pyrites FeS₂, CoS₂, and NiS₂

Atomic Layer Deposition of the Metal Pyrites FeS₂, CoS₂, and NiS₂