Growth of single crystals of bismuth-antimony alloys by Czochralski method

Growing Bi–Sb gradient single crystals by a modified Czochralski method

“…7a and 8a) were measured in the initial (1) and final regions (2) of Bi-Sb gradient single crystals numbers 12 and 19. In the final regions of these single crystals, we observe a few fragments of the rocking curves that can be due to the disoriented blocks [18]. The result of this is the increase of the dislocation density from 5 Â 10 6 to 8 Â 10 6 cm À2 in these single crystals.…”

“…It is known that in Bi-Sb and Bi-Sb-Te systems the equilibrium and effective distribution coefficients for Sb are more than 2 and show a nonlinear change with the increase of Sb composition [17,18]. Therefore, for Sb content control during pulling a gradient crystal there is a need to know an accurate value of the effective distribution coefficient for Sb.…”

“…It is known [12,13,18] that for the growth of Bi-Sb alloys single crystals with constant Sb content a pulling rate less than 0.06 mm/min was used. Segregation in these alloys depends on the growth rate that can influence the significations of the effective distribution coefficient.…”

A Novel Method to Significantly Improve the Mechanical Properties of n-Type Bi(1−x)Sbx Thermoelectrics Due to Plastic Deformation

“…The initial Bi 0.91 Sb 0.09 single crystals were obtained using the Czochralski method [3,5,9,[12][13][14], which is currently used in the production of more than half of the technically important crystals grown from the melt; at the same time, about 60% of all single crystals are used to obtain semiconductors [13. The single crystal was grown on a single crystal seed, and the melt was fed with solid antimony during the growth without additional alloying. The purity of the starting materials was 99.9999%.…”

“…To improve the bending strength of Czochralskigrown ingots, the effect of the growth parameters and the size and surface quality of the samples on σ b has been investigated in detail by Belaya et al [3,7]. At 77 K, the bending strength σ b is relatively low (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20); for example, when the bending force in a threepoint test is orientated along the <101> and <121> axes, the σ b values of Bi 0.91 Sb 0.09 single crystals were about 18-28 MPa [8]. At T < 200 K, it is promising to use n-type branches from Bi-Sb single crystals together with superconducting branches from high-temperature superconductors instead of p-type branches [8,9].…”