Growth Promotion or Osmotic Stress Response: How SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 2 (SnRK2) Kinases Are Activated and Manage Intracellular Signaling in Plants

Kamiyama, Yoshiaki; Katagiri, Sotaro; Umezawa, Taishi

doi:10.3390/plants10071443

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(275 reference statements)

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“… 24 , 25 In angiosperms, SnRK2s are a key component of ABA signaling pathways mediated by ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR) and protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2CAs), and are also divided into three subclasses: I, II, III based on amino acid sequence similarity and ABA response. 26 , 27 However only D-rich SnRK2s (subclass II and III) are activated by ABA, osmotic stress activates all SnRK2 members except Arabidopsis SRK2J/SnRK2.9 (subclass I). As a result, SnRK2s from subclass II and III are categorized as ABA-responsive SnRK2s, whereas SnRK2s from subclass I are classified as ABA-unresponsive SnRK2s.…”

Section: Snrk2 Kinases In the Earliest Land Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABA activated SnRK2 kinases: an emerging role in plant growth and physiology

Hasan

Waseem

et al. 2022

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Members of the SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family are plant-specific serine or threonine kinases that play a pivotal role in the response of plants to abiotic stresses. Members of this plant-specific kinase family have included a critical regulator (SnRK2) of abscisic acid (ABA) response in plants. Plant organ development is governed substantially by the interaction of the SnRK2 and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). Recent research has revealed a synergistic link between SnRK2 and ABA signaling in a plant’s response to stress such as drought and shoot growth. SnRK2 kinases play a dual role in the control of SnRK1 and the development of a plant. The dual role of SnRK2 kinases promotes plant growth under optimal conditions and in the absence of ABA while inhibiting the growth of plants in response to ABA. In this review, we have uncovered the roles of ABA-activated SnRK2 kinases in plants, as well as their physiological mechanisms.

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Section: Snrk2 Kinases In the Earliest Land Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABA activated SnRK2 kinases: an emerging role in plant growth and physiology

Hasan

Waseem

et al. 2022

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…The ABA-activated MAPK cascade, in which MAP 3Ks/MAP 3 K17/MAP 3 K18 activate MKK3 and then stimulate the activity of MPK1/MPK2/MPK7/MPK14, plays an important role in the stress response [ 52 ]. SnRK2-mediated signaling is also involved in maintaining osmotic homeostasis, contributing to plant growth [ 49 , 53 ]. A previous study showed that SnRK2.8 functions as a regulatory factor in the stress response and that overexpression of SnRK2.8 enhances stress tolerance in Arabidopsis [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription elongation factor AtSPT4-2 positively modulates salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2023

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Background Salt stress significantly influences plant growth and reduces crop yield. It is highly anticipated to develop salt-tolerant crops with salt tolerance genes and transgenic technology. Hence, it is critical to identify salt tolerance genes that can be used to improve crop salt tolerance. Results We report that the transcription elongation factor suppressor of Ty 4-2 (SPT4-2) is a positive modulator of salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. AtSPT4-2 expression is induced by salt stress. Knockout mutants of AtSPT4-2 display a salt-sensitive phenotype, whereas AtSPT4-2 overexpression lines exhibit enhanced salt tolerance. Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed that AtSPT4-2 may orchestrate the expression of genes associated with salt tolerance, including stress-responsive markers, protein kinases and phosphatases, salt-responsive transcription factors and those maintaining ion homeostasis, suggesting that AtSPT4-2 improves salt tolerance mainly by maintaining ion homeostasis and enhancing stress tolerance. Conclusions AtSPT4-2 positively modulates salt tolerance by maintaining ion homeostasis and regulating stress-responsive genes and serves as a candidate for the improvement of crop salt tolerance.

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“…Given that ABA is a key phytohormone in the responses of plants to osmotic stress, the main ABA signaling pathway, referred to as the PYR/PYL/RCAR‐PP2Cs‐SnRK2s cascade, has been extensively studied (Fujita et al., 2011). In the osmotic stress response, subclass III SnRK2 (2.2/2.3/2.6) protein kinases function as positive modulators of ABA, which transfer the ABA signaling to downstream target proteins (Kamiyama et al., 2021). Activated SnRK2.6 phosphorylates these downstream targets, which include transcription factors, anion channels, and enzymes, and the induced cellular processes in turn trigger ABA‐mediated responses, including inhibition of seed germination, plant growth, and stomatal opening (Cutler et al., 2010; Kamiyama et al., 2021; Sah et al., 2016; Soma et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the osmotic stress response, subclass III SnRK2 (2.2/2.3/2.6) protein kinases function as positive modulators of ABA, which transfer the ABA signaling to downstream target proteins (Kamiyama et al., 2021). Activated SnRK2.6 phosphorylates these downstream targets, which include transcription factors, anion channels, and enzymes, and the induced cellular processes in turn trigger ABA‐mediated responses, including inhibition of seed germination, plant growth, and stomatal opening (Cutler et al., 2010; Kamiyama et al., 2021; Sah et al., 2016; Soma et al., 2021). However, although SnRK2.6 is among the core components implicated in osmotic stress responses, the range of proteins targeted by this kinase has yet to be fully characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pepper stress‐associated protein 14 is a substrate of CaSnRK2.6 that positively modulates abscisic acid‐dependent osmotic stress responses

2022

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The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a prominent role in various abiotic stress responses of plants.In the ABA-dependent osmotic stress response, SnRK2.6, one of the subclass III SnRK2 kinases, has been identified as playing a key role by phosphorylating and activating downstream genes. Although several modulatory proteins have been reported to be phosphorylated by SnRK2.6, the identities of the full spectrum of downstream targets have yet to be sufficiently established. In this study, we identified CaSAP14, a stress-associated protein in pepper (Capsicum annuum), as a downstream target of CaSnRK2.6. We elucidated the physical interaction between SnRK2.6 and CaSAP14, both in vitro and in vivo, and accordingly identified a C-terminal C2H2-type zinc finger domain of CaSAP14 as being important for their interaction. CaSAP14-silenced pepper plants showed dehydration-and high salt-sensitive phenotypes, whereas overexpression of CaSAP14 in Arabidopsis conferred tolerance to dehydration, high salinity, and mannitol treatment, with plants showing ABA-hypersensitive phenotypes. Furthermore, an in-gel kinase assay revealed that CaSnRK2.6 phosphorylates CaSAP14 in response to exogenous ABA, dehydration, and high-salinity stress. Collectively, these findings suggest that CaSAP14 is a direct substrate of CaSnRK2.6 and positively modulates dehydration-and high salinity-induced osmotic stress responses.

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Growth Promotion or Osmotic Stress Response: How SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 2 (SnRK2) Kinases Are Activated and Manage Intracellular Signaling in Plants

Cited by 22 publications

References 139 publications

ABA activated SnRK2 kinases: an emerging role in plant growth and physiology

ABA activated SnRK2 kinases: an emerging role in plant growth and physiology

Transcription elongation factor AtSPT4-2 positively modulates salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Pepper stress‐associated protein 14 is a substrate of CaSnRK2.6 that positively modulates abscisic acid‐dependent osmotic stress responses

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